我使用subprocess模块启动子流程并连接到其输出流(标准输出)。我希望能够对其标准输出执行非阻塞读取。是否有一种方法使.readline非阻塞或在我调用.readline之前检查流上是否有数据?我希望这是可移植的，或者至少可以在Windows和Linux下工作。
下面是我现在怎么做的(如果没有数据可用，它会阻塞在.readline上):
p = subprocess.Popen('myprogram.exe', stdout = subprocess.PIPE)
output_str = p.stdout.readline()
当前回答
下面是我的代码，用于捕获子进程ASAP的每个输出，包括部分行。它同时泵浦，stdout和stderr的顺序几乎是正确的。
在Python 2.7 linux和windows上测试并正确工作。
#!/usr/bin/python
#
# Runner with stdout/stderr catcher
#
from sys import argv
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import os, io
from threading import Thread
import Queue
def __main__():
if (len(argv) > 1) and (argv[-1] == "-sub-"):
import time, sys
print "Application runned!"
time.sleep(2)
print "Slept 2 second"
time.sleep(1)
print "Slept 1 additional second",
time.sleep(2)
sys.stderr.write("Stderr output after 5 seconds")
print "Eol on stdin"
sys.stderr.write("Eol on stderr\n")
time.sleep(1)
print "Wow, we have end of work!",
else:
os.environ["PYTHONUNBUFFERED"]="1"
try:
p = Popen( argv + ["-sub-"],
bufsize=0, # line-buffered
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE )
except WindowsError, W:
if W.winerror==193:
p = Popen( argv + ["-sub-"],
shell=True, # Try to run via shell
bufsize=0, # line-buffered
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE )
else:
raise
inp = Queue.Queue()
sout = io.open(p.stdout.fileno(), 'rb', closefd=False)
serr = io.open(p.stderr.fileno(), 'rb', closefd=False)
def Pump(stream, category):
queue = Queue.Queue()
def rdr():
while True:
buf = stream.read1(8192)
if len(buf)>0:
queue.put( buf )
else:
queue.put( None )
return
def clct():
active = True
while active:
r = queue.get()
try:
while True:
r1 = queue.get(timeout=0.005)
if r1 is None:
active = False
break
else:
r += r1
except Queue.Empty:
pass
inp.put( (category, r) )
for tgt in [rdr, clct]:
th = Thread(target=tgt)
th.setDaemon(True)
th.start()
Pump(sout, 'stdout')
Pump(serr, 'stderr')
while p.poll() is None:
# App still working
try:
chan,line = inp.get(timeout = 1.0)
if chan=='stdout':
print "STDOUT>>", line, "<?<"
elif chan=='stderr':
print " ERROR==", line, "=?="
except Queue.Empty:
pass
print "Finish"
if __name__ == '__main__':
__main__()
其他回答
现有的解决方案不适合我(详情见下文)。最后成功的是使用read(1)实现readline(基于这个答案)。后者不阻塞:
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
from threading import Thread
def process_output(myprocess): #output-consuming thread
nextline = None
buf = ''
while True:
#--- extract line using read(1)
out = myprocess.stdout.read(1)
if out == '' and myprocess.poll() != None: break
if out != '':
buf += out
if out == '\n':
nextline = buf
buf = ''
if not nextline: continue
line = nextline
nextline = None
#--- do whatever you want with line here
print 'Line is:', line
myprocess.stdout.close()
myprocess = Popen('myprogram.exe', stdout=PIPE) #output-producing process
p1 = Thread(target=process_output, args=(myprocess,)) #output-consuming thread
p1.daemon = True
p1.start()
#--- do whatever here and then kill process and thread if needed
if myprocess.poll() == None: #kill process; will automatically stop thread
myprocess.kill()
myprocess.wait()
if p1 and p1.is_alive(): #wait for thread to finish
p1.join()
为什么现有的解决方案不起作用:
Solutions that require readline (including the Queue based ones) always block. It is difficult (impossible?) to kill the thread that executes readline. It only gets killed when the process that created it finishes, but not when the output-producing process is killed. Mixing low-level fcntl with high-level readline calls may not work properly as anonnn has pointed out. Using select.poll() is neat, but doesn't work on Windows according to python docs. Using third-party libraries seems overkill for this task and adds additional dependencies.
尝试wexpect，它是pexpect的windows替代品。
import wexpect
p = wexpect.spawn('myprogram.exe')
p.stdout.readline('.') // regex pattern of any character
output_str = p.after()
下面是我的代码，用于捕获子进程ASAP的每个输出，包括部分行。它同时泵浦，stdout和stderr的顺序几乎是正确的。
在Python 2.7 linux和windows上测试并正确工作。
#!/usr/bin/python
#
# Runner with stdout/stderr catcher
#
from sys import argv
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import os, io
from threading import Thread
import Queue
def __main__():
if (len(argv) > 1) and (argv[-1] == "-sub-"):
import time, sys
print "Application runned!"
time.sleep(2)
print "Slept 2 second"
time.sleep(1)
print "Slept 1 additional second",
time.sleep(2)
sys.stderr.write("Stderr output after 5 seconds")
print "Eol on stdin"
sys.stderr.write("Eol on stderr\n")
time.sleep(1)
print "Wow, we have end of work!",
else:
os.environ["PYTHONUNBUFFERED"]="1"
try:
p = Popen( argv + ["-sub-"],
bufsize=0, # line-buffered
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE )
except WindowsError, W:
if W.winerror==193:
p = Popen( argv + ["-sub-"],
shell=True, # Try to run via shell
bufsize=0, # line-buffered
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE )
else:
raise
inp = Queue.Queue()
sout = io.open(p.stdout.fileno(), 'rb', closefd=False)
serr = io.open(p.stderr.fileno(), 'rb', closefd=False)
def Pump(stream, category):
queue = Queue.Queue()
def rdr():
while True:
buf = stream.read1(8192)
if len(buf)>0:
queue.put( buf )
else:
queue.put( None )
return
def clct():
active = True
while active:
r = queue.get()
try:
while True:
r1 = queue.get(timeout=0.005)
if r1 is None:
active = False
break
else:
r += r1
except Queue.Empty:
pass
inp.put( (category, r) )
for tgt in [rdr, clct]:
th = Thread(target=tgt)
th.setDaemon(True)
th.start()
Pump(sout, 'stdout')
Pump(serr, 'stderr')
while p.poll() is None:
# App still working
try:
chan,line = inp.get(timeout = 1.0)
if chan=='stdout':
print "STDOUT>>", line, "<?<"
elif chan=='stderr':
print " ERROR==", line, "=?="
except Queue.Empty:
pass
print "Finish"
if __name__ == '__main__':
__main__()
我有最初提问者的问题，但不希望调用线程。我将Jesse的解决方案与来自管道的直接read()和我自己的行读取缓冲处理程序混合在一起(然而，我的子进程- ping -总是写入<系统页面大小的整行)。我通过读入一个gobject-registered io watch来避免忙碌的等待。这些天我通常在gobject MainLoop中运行代码以避免线程。
def set_up_ping(ip, w):
# run the sub-process
# watch the resultant pipe
p = subprocess.Popen(['/bin/ping', ip], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
# make stdout a non-blocking file
fl = fcntl.fcntl(p.stdout, fcntl.F_GETFL)
fcntl.fcntl(p.stdout, fcntl.F_SETFL, fl | os.O_NONBLOCK)
stdout_gid = gobject.io_add_watch(p.stdout, gobject.IO_IN, w)
return stdout_gid # for shutting down
观察者是
def watch(f, *other):
print 'reading',f.read()
return True
主程序建立一个ping，然后调用gobject邮件循环。
def main():
set_up_ping('192.168.1.8', watch)
# discard gid as unused here
gobject.MainLoop().run()
任何其他工作都附加到gobject中的回调。
下面是一个在python中支持非阻塞读和后台写的模块:
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-nonblock
提供一个函数，
nonblock_read将从流中读取数据，如果可用，否则返回一个空字符串(或None，如果流在另一端关闭，并且所有可能的数据都已读取)
你也可以考虑python-subprocess2模块，
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-subprocess2
这将添加到子流程模块。所以在subprocess返回的对象上。Popen”被添加了一个额外的方法，runInBackground。这将启动一个线程并返回一个对象，该对象将在写入stdout/stderr时自动填充，而不会阻塞主线程。
享受吧!
