Difflib可以做到。

文档中的例子:

>>> get_close_matches('appel', ['ape', 'apple', 'peach', 'puppy'])
['apple', 'ape']
>>> import keyword
>>> get_close_matches('wheel', keyword.kwlist)
['while']
>>> get_close_matches('apple', keyword.kwlist)
[]
>>> get_close_matches('accept', keyword.kwlist)
['except']

来看看。它还有其他功能，可以帮助您定制一些东西。

谷歌也有自己的Google -diff-match-patch(“目前在Java, JavaScript, c++和Python中可用”)。

(不能评论它，因为我自己只使用python的difflib)

下面是一个python脚本，用于计算两个单词的最长公共子字符串(可能需要调整才能用于多词短语):

def lcs(word1, word2):

    w1 = set(word1[i:j] for i in range(0, len(word1))
             for j in range(1, len(word1) + 1))

    w2 = set(word2[i:j] for i in range(0, len(word2))
             for j in range(1, len(word2) + 1))

    common_subs = w1.intersection(w2)

    sorted_cmn_subs = sorted([
        (len(str), str) for str in list(common_subs)
        ])

    return sorted_cmn_subs.pop()[1]

下面是如何使用Charicar的simhash的方法，这也适用于长文档，当你改变文档中的单词顺序时，它也会检测到100%的相似性

http://blog.simpliplant.eu/calculating-similarity-between-text-strings-in-python/

Levenshtein Python扩展和C库。

https://github.com/ztane/python-Levenshtein/

Levenshtein Python C扩展模块包含用于快速的函数 计算 - Levenshtein(编辑)距离，编辑操作 -字符串相似度 -近似中值字符串，通常字符串平均 -字符串序列和集相似度 它支持普通字符串和Unicode字符串。

$ pip install python-levenshtein
...
$ python
>>> import Levenshtein
>>> help(Levenshtein.ratio)
ratio(...)
    Compute similarity of two strings.

    ratio(string1, string2)

    The similarity is a number between 0 and 1, it's usually equal or
    somewhat higher than difflib.SequenceMatcher.ratio(), becuase it's
    based on real minimal edit distance.

    Examples:
    >>> ratio('Hello world!', 'Holly grail!')
    0.58333333333333337
    >>> ratio('Brian', 'Jesus')
    0.0

>>> help(Levenshtein.distance)
distance(...)
    Compute absolute Levenshtein distance of two strings.

    distance(string1, string2)

    Examples (it's hard to spell Levenshtein correctly):
    >>> distance('Levenshtein', 'Lenvinsten')
    4
    >>> distance('Levenshtein', 'Levensthein')
    2
    >>> distance('Levenshtein', 'Levenshten')
    1
    >>> distance('Levenshtein', 'Levenshtein')
    0

Jellyfish是一个Python模块，支持许多字符串比较指标，包括语音匹配。与Jellyfish的实现相比，纯Python实现的Levenstein编辑距离非常慢。

使用示例:

import jellyfish

>>> jellyfish.levenshtein_distance('jellyfish', 'smellyfish')
2 
>>> jellyfish.jaro_distance('jellyfish', 'smellyfish')
0.89629629629629637
>>> jellyfish.damerau_levenshtein_distance('jellyfish', 'jellyfihs')
1
>>> jellyfish.metaphone('Jellyfish')
'JLFX'
>>> jellyfish.soundex('Jellyfish')
'J412'
>>> jellyfish.nysiis('Jellyfish')
'JALYF'
>>> jellyfish.match_rating_codex('Jellyfish')
'JLLFSH'`