在PostgreSQL提示符上发出\d+ tablename，除了显示表列的数据类型外，它还会显示索引和外键。

以下是Andreas Joseph Krogh从PostgreSQL邮件列表提供的解决方案:http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/200811072134.44750.andreak@officenet.no

SELECT source_table::regclass, source_attr.attname AS source_column,
    target_table::regclass, target_attr.attname AS target_column
FROM pg_attribute target_attr, pg_attribute source_attr,
  (SELECT source_table, target_table, source_constraints[i] source_constraints, target_constraints[i] AS target_constraints
   FROM
     (SELECT conrelid as source_table, confrelid AS target_table, conkey AS source_constraints, confkey AS target_constraints,
       generate_series(1, array_upper(conkey, 1)) AS i
      FROM pg_constraint
      WHERE contype = 'f'
     ) query1
  ) query2
WHERE target_attr.attnum = target_constraints AND target_attr.attrelid = target_table AND
      source_attr.attnum = source_constraints AND source_attr.attrelid = source_table;

这个解决方案处理引用多个列的外键，并避免重复(其他一些答案无法做到这一点)。我唯一改变的是变量名。

下面是一个示例，返回所有引用权限表的雇员列:

SELECT source_column
FROM foreign_keys
WHERE source_table = 'employee'::regclass AND target_table = 'permission'::regclass;

扩展到ollyc配方:

CREATE VIEW foreign_keys_view AS
SELECT
    tc.table_name, kcu.column_name,
    ccu.table_name AS foreign_table_name,
    ccu.column_name AS foreign_column_name
FROM
    information_schema.table_constraints AS tc
    JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage 
        AS kcu ON tc.constraint_name = kcu.constraint_name
    JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage 
        AS ccu ON ccu.constraint_name = tc.constraint_name
WHERE constraint_type = 'FOREIGN KEY';

然后:

SELECT * FROM foreign_keys_view WHERE table_name='YourTableNameHere';

最快的验证直接在bash答案完全基于这个答案

IFS='' read -r -d '' sql_code << EOF_SQL_CODE
      SELECT
      o.oid
      , o.conname AS constraint_name
      , (SELECT nspname FROM pg_namespace WHERE oid=m.relnamespace) AS source_schema
      , m.relname AS source_table
      , (SELECT a.attname FROM pg_attribute a
      WHERE a.attrelid = m.oid AND a.attnum = o.conkey[1] AND a.attisdropped = false) AS source_column
      , (SELECT nspname FROM pg_namespace
      WHERE oid=f.relnamespace) AS target_schema
      , f.relname AS target_table
      , (SELECT a.attname FROM pg_attribute a
      WHERE a.attrelid = f.oid AND a.attnum = o.confkey[1] AND a.attisdropped = false) AS target_column
      , ROW_NUMBER () OVER (ORDER BY o.oid) as rowid
      FROM pg_constraint o
      LEFT JOIN pg_class f ON f.oid = o.confrelid
      LEFT JOIN pg_class m ON m.oid = o.conrelid
      WHERE 1=1
      AND o.contype = 'f'
      AND o.conrelid IN (SELECT oid FROM pg_class c WHERE c.relkind = 'r')
EOF_SQL_CODE

psql -d my_db -c "$sql_code"

只需替换'您的表名'在下面的查询与您的表名。

简短但贴心的赞，如果对你有用的话。

select * from information_schema.key_column_usage
where constraint_catalog=current_catalog and table_name='your_table_name'
and position_in_unique_constraint notnull;

正确的解决方案，使用information_schema，使用多列键，在两个表中正确地连接不同名称的列，并且与ms sqlsever兼容:

select fks.TABLE_NAME as foreign_key_table_name
, fks.CONSTRAINT_NAME as foreign_key_constraint_name
, kcu_foreign.COLUMN_NAME as foreign_key_column_name
, rc.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME as primary_key_constraint_name
, pks.TABLE_NAME as primary_key_table_name
, kcu_primary.COLUMN_NAME as primary_key_column_name
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS fks -- foreign keys
inner join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE kcu_foreign -- the columns of the above keys
    on fks.TABLE_CATALOG = kcu_foreign.TABLE_CATALOG
    and fks.TABLE_SCHEMA = kcu_foreign.TABLE_SCHEMA
    and fks.TABLE_NAME = kcu_foreign.TABLE_NAME
    and fks.CONSTRAINT_NAME = kcu_foreign.CONSTRAINT_NAME
inner join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS rc -- referenced constraints
    on rc.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = fks.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
    and rc.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = fks.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
    and rc.CONSTRAINT_NAME = fks.CONSTRAINT_NAME
inner join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS pks -- primary keys (referenced by fks)
    on rc.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = pks.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
    and rc.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = pks.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
    and rc.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = pks.CONSTRAINT_NAME
inner join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE kcu_primary
    on pks.TABLE_CATALOG = kcu_primary.TABLE_CATALOG
    and pks.TABLE_SCHEMA = kcu_primary.TABLE_SCHEMA
    and pks.TABLE_NAME = kcu_primary.TABLE_NAME
    and pks.CONSTRAINT_NAME = kcu_primary.CONSTRAINT_NAME
    and kcu_foreign.ORDINAL_POSITION = kcu_primary.ORDINAL_POSITION -- this joins the columns
where fks.TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo' -- replace with schema name
and fks.TABLE_NAME = 'your_table_name' -- replace with table name
and fks.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'
and pks.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
order by fks.constraint_name, kcu_foreign.ORDINAL_POSITION

注意:在potgresql和sqlserver的information_schema实现之间存在一些差异，这使得顶部答案在两个系统上给出不同的结果——一个显示外键表的列名，另一个显示主键表的列名。出于这个原因，我决定使用KEY_COLUMN_USAGE视图。