您还可以使用监控器，这是一个非常方便的守护进程，可以用来轻松地控制服务。这些服务是由简单的配置文件定义的，这些配置文件定义了在哪个目录下哪个用户执行什么，等等，有无数的选项。supervisor ord的语法非常简单，所以它是编写SysV初始化脚本的一个很好的替代方案。

这里有一个简单的监督配置文件，用于您试图运行/控制的程序。(把这个放到/etc/supervisor/conf.d/yourapp.conf)

/etc/supervisor/conf.d/yourapp.conf

[program:yourapp]
command=/usr/bin/java -jar /path/to/application.jar
user=usertorun
autostart=true
autorestart=true
startsecs=10
startretries=3
stdout_logfile=/var/log/yourapp-stdout.log
stderr_logfile=/var/log/yourapp-stderr.log

要控制应用程序，你需要执行监控器ctl，它会提示你启动、停止和状态你的应用程序。

CLI

# sudo supervisorctl
yourapp             RUNNING   pid 123123, uptime 1 day, 15:00:00
supervisor> stop yourapp
supervisor> start yourapp

如果监控器守护进程已经在运行，并且您已经为您的服务添加了配置，而没有重新启动守护进程，那么您可以在监控器shell中简单地执行一个重读和更新命令。

这确实为您提供了使用SysV Init脚本所具有的所有灵活性，而且易于使用和控制。看一下文档。

您正在使用Maven吗?那么你应该试试AppAssembler插件:

Application Assembler Plugin是一个Maven插件，用于生成启动java应用程序的脚本. ...所有工件(依赖项+项目中的工件)都被添加到生成的bin脚本中的类路径中。 支持平台: unix变体 Windows NT(不支持Windows 9x) Java服务包装器(JSW)

参见:http://mojo.codehaus.org/appassembler/appassembler-maven-plugin/index.html

I don't know of a "standard" shrink-wrapped way to do that with a Java app, but it's definitely a good idea (you want to benefit from the keep-alive and monitoring capabilities of the operating system if they are there). It's on the roadmap to provide something from the Spring Boot tool support (maven and gradle), but for now you are probably going to have to roll your own. The best solution I know of right now is Foreman, which has a declarative approach and one line commands for packaging init scripts for various standard OS formats (monit, sys V, upstart etc.). There is also evidence of people having set stuff up with gradle (e.g. here).

我最终为WAR/JAR布局做了systemd服务

我调用java -jar是因为它更灵活。我还试着把ExecStart=spring-mvc。战争，但即使是可执行的，我得到'Exec格式错误'

无论如何，现在systemd出现在所有发行版上，并提供了一个很好的解决方案来重定向日志(syserr是重要的，当你的服务甚至没有启动log4j文件位置将为空:))。

cat /etc/systemd/system/spring-mvc.service 
[Unit]
Description=Spring MVC Java Service

[Service]
User=spring-mvc
# The configuration file application.properties should be here:
WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/spring-mvc


# Run ExecStartPre with root-permissions
PermissionsStartOnly=true

ExecStartPre=-/bin/mkdir -p /var/log/spring-mvc


ExecStartPre=/bin/chown -R spring-mvc:syslog /var/log/spring-mvc
ExecStartPre=/bin/chmod -R 775 /var/log/spring-mvc



#https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html#ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/java \
        -Dlog4j.configurationFile=log4j2-spring.xml \
        -DLog4jContextSelector=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.async.AsyncLoggerContextSelector \
        -Dspring.profiles.active=dev \
        -Denvironment-type=dev \
        -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC \
        -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 \
        -XX:NewSize=756m \
        -XX:MetaspaceSize=256m \
        -Dsun.net.inetaddr.ttl=5 \
        -Xloggc:/var/log/spring-mvc/gc.log \
        -verbose:gc \
        -verbosegc \
        -XX:+DisableExplicitGC \
        -XX:+PrintGCDetails \
        -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps \
        -XX:+PreserveFramePointer \
        -XX:+StartAttachListener \
        -Xms1024m \
        -Xmx1024m \
        -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError \
        -jar spring-mvc.war

SuccessExitStatus=143
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal


KillSignal=SIGINT
TimeoutStopSec=20
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
StartLimitBurst=10

LimitNOFILE=500000
LimitNPROC=500000

#https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#LimitCPU=
#LimitCPU=, LimitFSIZE=, LimitDATA=, LimitSTACK=, LimitCORE=, LimitRSS=, LimitNOFILE=, LimitAS=, LimitNPROC=, LimitMEMLOCK=, LimitLOCKS=, LimitSIGPENDING=, LimitMSGQUEUE=, LimitNICE=, LimitRTPRIO=, LimitRTTIME=¶

SyslogIdentifier=spring-mvc

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target


# https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/journalctl.html
#check logs --- journalctl -u spring-mvc -f -o cat

Rsyslog -将应用程序的syslog输入重定向到特定的文件夹/文件

cat /etc/rsyslog.d/30-spring-mvc.conf 
if $programname == 'spring-mvc' then /var/log/spring-mvc/spring-mvc.log
& stop

logrotate

cat /etc/logrotate.d/spring-mvc.conf 
/var/log/spring-mvc/spring-mvc.log
{
    daily
    rotate 30
    maxage 30
    copytruncate
    missingok
    notifempty
    compress
    dateext
    dateformat _%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M
    delaycompress
    create 644 spring-mvc syslog
    su spring-mvc syslog
}

logrotate gc

cat /etc/logrotate.d/spring-mvc-gc.conf 
/var/log/spring-mvc/gc.log
{
    daily
    rotate 30
    maxage 30
    copytruncate
    missingok
    notifempty
    compress
    dateext
    dateformat _%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M
    delaycompress
    create 644 spring-mvc syslog
    su spring-mvc syslog
}

我试图使springboot应用程序呈现为“init”。D”风格的shell脚本与压缩Java应用程序钉在最后

通过符号链接这些脚本从/etc/init.D /spring-app到/opt/spring-app.jar，并chmod jar使其可执行。D /spring-app启动/etc/init。D /spring-app stop”和其他可能的状态工作

假设是init。来自springboot的d风格脚本看起来他们有必要的魔法字符串(像# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5) chkconfig将能够将其作为“服务”添加。

但是我想让它和systemd一起工作

为了做到这一点，我尝试了上面其他答案中的许多食谱，但在Centos 7.2和Springboot 1.3上，它们都不适合我。大多数情况下，它们会启动服务，但无法跟踪pid

最后，我发现下面的方法对我有用，当/etc/init.D链接也到位了。一个类似于下面的文件应该安装为/usr/lib/systemd/system/spring-app.service

[Unit]
Description=My loverly application
After=syslog.target 

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/spring-app/spring-app.pid
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/spring-app start
SuccessExitStatus=143

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

下面是一个脚本，它将可执行jar部署为systemd服务。

它为服务和.service文件创建一个用户，并将jar文件放在/var下，并对特权进行一些基本的锁定。

#!/bin/bash

# Argument: The jar file to deploy
APPSRCPATH=$1

# Argument: application name, no spaces please, used as folder name under /var
APPNAME=$2

# Argument: the user to use when running the application, may exist, created if not exists
APPUSER=$3

# Help text
USAGE="
Usage: sudo $0 <jar-file> <app-name> <runtime-user>
If an app with the name <app-name> already exist, it is stopped and deleted.
If the <runtime-user> does not already exist, it is created.
"

# Check that we are root
if [ ! "root" = "$(whoami)" ]; then
    echo "Must be root. Please use e.g. sudo"
    echo "$USAGE"
    exit
fi

# Check arguments
if [ "$#" -ne 3 -o ${#APPSRCPATH} = 0 -o ${#APPNAME} = 0 -o ${#APPUSER} = 0 ]; then
    echo "Incorrect number of parameters."
    echo "$USAGE"
    exit
fi

if [ ! -f $APPSRCPATH ]; then
    echo "Can't find jar file $APPSRCPATH"
    echo "$USAGE"
    exit
fi

# Infered values
APPFILENAME=$(basename $APPSRCPATH)
APPFOLDER=/var/javaapps/$APPNAME
APPDESTPATH=$APPFOLDER/$APPFILENAME

# Stop the service if it already exist and is running
systemctl stop $APPNAME >/dev/null 2>&1

# Create the app folder, deleting any previous content
rm -fr $APPFOLDER
mkdir -p $APPFOLDER

# Create the user if it does not exist
if id "$APPUSER" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "Using existing user $APPUSER"
else
    adduser --disabled-password --gecos "" $APPUSER
    echo "Created user $APPUSER"
fi

# Place app in app folder, setting owner and rights
cp $APPSRCPATH $APPDESTPATH
chown $APPUSER $APPDESTPATH
chmod 500 $APPDESTPATH
echo "Added or updated the $APPDESTPATH file"

# Create the .service file used by systemd
echo "
[Unit]
Description=$APPNAME
After=syslog.target
[Service]
User=$APPUSER
ExecStart=/usr/bin/java -jar $APPDESTPATH
SuccessExitStatus=143
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
" > /etc/systemd/system/$APPNAME.service
echo "Created the /etc/systemd/system/$APPNAME.service file"

# Reload the daemon
systemctl daemon-reload

# Start the deployed app
systemctl start $APPNAME
systemctl status $APPNAME

例子: