假设我有这样的LINQ查询:
var authors = from x in authorsList
where x.firstname == "Bob"
select x;
假设authorsList的类型是List<Author>，我如何从authorsList中删除查询返回的Author元素?
或者，换句话说，我如何从authorsList中删除所有与Bob相同的firstname ?
注意:这是一个简化的例子，以方便提问。
当前回答
我想知道，RemoveAll和Except之间是否有任何区别，以及使用HashSet的优点，所以我已经做了快速性能检查:)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace ListRemoveTest
{
class Program
{
private static Random random = new Random( (int)DateTime.Now.Ticks );
static void Main( string[] args )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Be patient, generating data..." );
List<string> list = new List<string>();
List<string> toRemove = new List<string>();
for( int x=0; x < 1000000; x++ )
{
string randString = RandomString( random.Next( 100 ) );
list.Add( randString );
if( random.Next( 1000 ) == 0 )
toRemove.Insert( 0, randString );
}
List<string> l1 = new List<string>( list );
List<string> l2 = new List<string>( list );
List<string> l3 = new List<string>( list );
List<string> l4 = new List<string>( list );
Console.WriteLine( "Be patient, testing..." );
Stopwatch sw1 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
l1.RemoveAll( toRemove.Contains );
sw1.Stop();
Stopwatch sw2 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
l2.RemoveAll( new HashSet<string>( toRemove ).Contains );
sw2.Stop();
Stopwatch sw3 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
l3 = l3.Except( toRemove ).ToList();
sw3.Stop();
Stopwatch sw4 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
l4 = l4.Except( new HashSet<string>( toRemove ) ).ToList();
sw3.Stop();
Console.WriteLine( "L1.Len = {0}, Time taken: {1}ms", l1.Count, sw1.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds );
Console.WriteLine( "L2.Len = {0}, Time taken: {1}ms", l1.Count, sw2.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds );
Console.WriteLine( "L3.Len = {0}, Time taken: {1}ms", l1.Count, sw3.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds );
Console.WriteLine( "L4.Len = {0}, Time taken: {1}ms", l1.Count, sw3.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds );
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static string RandomString( int size )
{
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
char ch;
for( int i = 0; i < size; i++ )
{
ch = Convert.ToChar( Convert.ToInt32( Math.Floor( 26 * random.NextDouble() + 65 ) ) );
builder.Append( ch );
}
return builder.ToString();
}
}
}
结果如下:
Be patient, generating data...
Be patient, testing...
L1.Len = 985263, Time taken: 13411.8648ms
L2.Len = 985263, Time taken: 76.4042ms
L3.Len = 985263, Time taken: 340.6933ms
L4.Len = 985263, Time taken: 340.6933ms
如我们所见，这种情况下最好的选择是使用RemoveAll(HashSet)
其他回答
我想知道，RemoveAll和Except之间是否有任何区别，以及使用HashSet的优点，所以我已经做了快速性能检查:)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace ListRemoveTest
{
class Program
{
private static Random random = new Random( (int)DateTime.Now.Ticks );
static void Main( string[] args )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Be patient, generating data..." );
List<string> list = new List<string>();
List<string> toRemove = new List<string>();
for( int x=0; x < 1000000; x++ )
{
string randString = RandomString( random.Next( 100 ) );
list.Add( randString );
if( random.Next( 1000 ) == 0 )
toRemove.Insert( 0, randString );
}
List<string> l1 = new List<string>( list );
List<string> l2 = new List<string>( list );
List<string> l3 = new List<string>( list );
List<string> l4 = new List<string>( list );
Console.WriteLine( "Be patient, testing..." );
Stopwatch sw1 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
l1.RemoveAll( toRemove.Contains );
sw1.Stop();
Stopwatch sw2 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
l2.RemoveAll( new HashSet<string>( toRemove ).Contains );
sw2.Stop();
Stopwatch sw3 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
l3 = l3.Except( toRemove ).ToList();
sw3.Stop();
Stopwatch sw4 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
l4 = l4.Except( new HashSet<string>( toRemove ) ).ToList();
sw3.Stop();
Console.WriteLine( "L1.Len = {0}, Time taken: {1}ms", l1.Count, sw1.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds );
Console.WriteLine( "L2.Len = {0}, Time taken: {1}ms", l1.Count, sw2.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds );
Console.WriteLine( "L3.Len = {0}, Time taken: {1}ms", l1.Count, sw3.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds );
Console.WriteLine( "L4.Len = {0}, Time taken: {1}ms", l1.Count, sw3.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds );
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static string RandomString( int size )
{
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
char ch;
for( int i = 0; i < size; i++ )
{
ch = Convert.ToChar( Convert.ToInt32( Math.Floor( 26 * random.NextDouble() + 65 ) ) );
builder.Append( ch );
}
return builder.ToString();
}
}
}
结果如下:
Be patient, generating data...
Be patient, testing...
L1.Len = 985263, Time taken: 13411.8648ms
L2.Len = 985263, Time taken: 76.4042ms
L3.Len = 985263, Time taken: 340.6933ms
L4.Len = 985263, Time taken: 340.6933ms
如我们所见，这种情况下最好的选择是使用RemoveAll(HashSet)
LINQ起源于函数式编程，它强调对象的不可变性，因此它不提供内置的方式来就地更新原始列表。
关于不可变性的注意事项(来自另一个SO答案):
这是维基百科对不变性的定义。
在面向对象和函数式编程中，不可变对象是 创建后状态不可修改的对象。
如果你真的需要删除项目，那么Except()怎么办? 你可以基于一个新的列表删除，或者通过嵌套Linq。
var authorsList = new List<Author>()
{
new Author{ Firstname = "Bob", Lastname = "Smith" },
new Author{ Firstname = "Fred", Lastname = "Jones" },
new Author{ Firstname = "Brian", Lastname = "Brains" },
new Author{ Firstname = "Billy", Lastname = "TheKid" }
};
var authors = authorsList.Where(a => a.Firstname == "Bob");
authorsList = authorsList.Except(authors).ToList();
authorsList = authorsList.Except(authorsList.Where(a=>a.Firstname=="Billy")).ToList();
简单的解决方案:
static void Main()
{
List<string> myList = new List<string> { "Jason", "Bob", "Frank", "Bob" };
myList.RemoveAll(x => x == "Bob");
foreach (string s in myList)
{
//
}
}
下面是从列表中删除元素的示例。
List<int> items = new List<int>() { 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 7, 3,3,3};
var result = items.Remove(2);//Remove the first ocurence of matched elements and returns boolean value
var result1 = items.RemoveAll(lst => lst == 3);// Remove all the matched elements and returns count of removed element
items.RemoveAt(3);//Removes the elements at the specified index
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