我模拟实际的字符串替换，计算未来字符串的长度:

- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string {

    NSString *newString = [textField.text stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:range withString:string];

    if([newString length] > maxLength)
       return NO;

    return YES;
}

通常您有多个长度不同的输入字段。

- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string {
    int allowedLength;
    switch(textField.tag) {
        case 1: 
            allowedLength = MAXLENGTHNAME;      // triggered for input fields with tag = 1
            break;
        case 2:
            allowedLength = MAXLENGTHADDRESS;   // triggered for input fields with tag = 2
            break;
        default:
            allowedLength = MAXLENGTHDEFAULT;   // length default when no tag (=0) value =255
            break;
    }

    if (textField.text.length >= allowedLength && range.length == 0) {
        return NO; // Change not allowed
    } else {
        return YES; // Change allowed
    }
}

Swift 2.1+

func textField(textField: UITextField, shouldChangeCharactersInRange range: NSRange, replacementString string: String) -> Bool {

    if (range.length + range.location > textField.text!.characters.count )
    {
        return false;
    }

    let newLength = textField.text!.characters.count + string.characters.count - range.length
    return newLength <= 25
}

希望能有所帮助

你也可以在Swift 4中使用NotificationCenter来做到这一点

NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(self.handleTextChange(recognizer:)), name: NSNotification.Name.UITextFieldTextDidChange, object: yourTextField)

    @objc func handleTextChange(recognizer: NSNotification) {
            //max length is 50 charater max
            let textField = recognizer.object as! UITextField

            if((textField.text?.count)! > 50) {
                let newString: String? = (textField.text as NSString?)?.substring(to: 50)
                textField.text = newString

            }         
        }

我想补充一下@sickp给出的答案。

在他的Swift代码中有一个问题，任何多字节文本(例如表情符号)都会出现。NSRange和String在Swift中是不兼容的，所以委托类将它们结合在一起是令人沮丧的。技巧是简单地转换String对象到NSString正确的解决方案，基于什么@sickp写，实际上是这样的:

func textField(_ textField: UITextField, shouldChangeCharactersIn range: NSRange, replacementString string: String) -> Bool {

    let currentText = (textField.text as NSString?) ?? NSString()
    let currentCharacterCount = currentText.length
    if range.length + range.location > currentCharacterCount {
        return false
    }
    let newLength = currentText.replacingCharacters(in: range, with: string).characters.count
    return newLength <= 25
}

斯威夫特4

import UIKit

private var kAssociationKeyMaxLength: Int = 0

extension UITextField {
    
    @IBInspectable var maxLength: Int {
        get {
            if let length = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &kAssociationKeyMaxLength) as? Int {
                return length
            } else {
                return Int.max
            }
        }
        set {
            objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &kAssociationKeyMaxLength, newValue, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN)
            addTarget(self, action: #selector(checkMaxLength), for: .editingChanged)
        }
    }
    
    @objc func checkMaxLength(textField: UITextField) {
        guard let prospectiveText = self.text,
            prospectiveText.count > maxLength
            else {
                return
        }
        
        let selection = selectedTextRange
        
        let indexEndOfText = prospectiveText.index(prospectiveText.startIndex, offsetBy: maxLength)
        let substring = prospectiveText[..<indexEndOfText]
        text = String(substring)
        
        selectedTextRange = selection
    }
}

编辑:内存泄漏问题修复。