检查数据库是否存在的一个简单方法是:

SHOW DATABASES LIKE 'dbname';

如果名称为'dbname'的数据库不存在，则得到一个空集。如果它存在，就得到一行。

Rails代码:

ruby-1.9.2-p290 :099 > ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("USE INFORMATION_SCHEMA")

ruby-1.9.2-p290 :099 > ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("SELECT SCHEMA_NAME FROM         INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME = 'entos_development'").to_a
SQL (0.2ms) SELECT SCHEMA_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME =               'entos_development'
=> [["entos_development"]] 
ruby-1.9.2-p290 :100 > ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("SELECT SCHEMA_NAME FROM              INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME = 'entos_development1'").to_a
SQL (0.3ms) SELECT SCHEMA_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME =            'entos_development1'
=> []

=> entos_development存在，entos_development1不存在

一个非常简单的bash一行代码:

mysqlshow | grep dbname

下面的解决方案对我来说很有效:

mysql -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASSWORD} \
-s -N -e "SELECT SCHEMA_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME='${MYSQL_DATABASE}'"

当您没有足够权限查看数据库时，使用INFORMATION_SCHEMA或show数据库是不可靠的。当您无法访问数据库时，它似乎不存在。创建之后就会失败。另一种更精确的检查方法是使用use命令的输出，尽管我不知道这种方法有多可靠(文本输出在未来版本/其他语言中会有变化……)，所以请注意。

CHECK=$(mysql -sNe "use DB_NAME" 2>&1)
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
  # database exists and is accessible
elif [ ! -z "$(echo $CHECK | grep 'Unknown database')" ]; then
  # database does not exist
elif [ ! -z "$(echo $CHECK | grep 'Access denied')" ]; then
  # cannot tell if database exists (not enough permissions)"
else
  # unexpected output
fi

从壳像bash

if [[ ! -z "`mysql -qfsBe "SELECT SCHEMA_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME='db'" 2>&1`" ]];
then
  echo "DATABASE ALREADY EXISTS"
else
  echo "DATABASE DOES NOT EXIST"
fi