使用bash:

if [ "`mysql -u'USER' -p'PASSWORD' -se'USE $DATABASE_NAME;' 2>&1`" == "" ]; then
    echo $DATABASE_NAME exist
else
    echo $DATABASE_NAME doesn't exist
fi

下面是一个bash函数，用于检查数据库是否存在:

function does_db_exist {
  local db="${1}"

  local output=$(mysql -s -N -e "SELECT schema_name FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = '${db}'" information_schema)
  if [[ -z "${output}" ]]; then
    return 1 # does not exist
  else
    return 0 # exists
  fi
}           

另一种选择是尝试使用数据库。注意，这也检查权限:

if mysql "${db}" >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null
then
  echo "${db} exists (and I have permission to access it)"
else
  echo "${db} does not exist (or I do not have permission to access it)"
fi

从壳像bash

if [[ ! -z "`mysql -qfsBe "SELECT SCHEMA_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME='db'" 2>&1`" ]];
then
  echo "DATABASE ALREADY EXISTS"
else
  echo "DATABASE DOES NOT EXIST"
fi

这是我在bash脚本中做这件事的方式:

#!/bin/sh

DATABASE_USER=*****
DATABASE_PWD=*****
DATABASE_NAME=my_database

if mysql -u$DATABASE_USER -p$DATABASE_PWD -e "use $DATABASE_NAME";
then
echo "Database $DATABASE_NAME already exists. Exiting."
exit
else
echo Create database
mysql -u$DATABASE_USER -p$DATABASE_PWD -e "CREATE DATABASE $DATABASE_NAME"
fi

当您没有足够权限查看数据库时，使用INFORMATION_SCHEMA或show数据库是不可靠的。当您无法访问数据库时，它似乎不存在。创建之后就会失败。另一种更精确的检查方法是使用use命令的输出，尽管我不知道这种方法有多可靠(文本输出在未来版本/其他语言中会有变化……)，所以请注意。

CHECK=$(mysql -sNe "use DB_NAME" 2>&1)
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
  # database exists and is accessible
elif [ ! -z "$(echo $CHECK | grep 'Unknown database')" ]; then
  # database does not exist
elif [ ! -z "$(echo $CHECK | grep 'Access denied')" ]; then
  # cannot tell if database exists (not enough permissions)"
else
  # unexpected output
fi

IF EXISTS (SELECT SCHEMA_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME = N'YourDatabaseName')
BEGIN    
    -- Database exists, so do your stuff here.
END

如果你正在使用MSSQL而不是MySQL，可以从类似的线程中看到这个答案。