如何模拟一个do-while循环?

我需要在Python程序中模拟一个do-while循环。不幸的是，下面的简单代码不能工作:

list_of_ints = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
iterator = list_of_ints.__iter__()
element = None

while True:
  if element:
    print element

  try:
    element = iterator.next()
  except StopIteration:
    break

print "done"

不是"1,2,3,done"，而是输出如下:

[stdout:]1
[stdout:]2
[stdout:]3
None['Traceback (most recent call last):
', '  File "test_python.py", line 8, in <module>
    s = i.next()
', 'StopIteration
']

为了捕获“停止迭代”异常并中断一段时间，我能做些什么循环正常吗?

下面的伪代码显示了为什么需要这样一个东西的示例。

状态机:

s = ""
while True :
  if state is STATE_CODE :
    if "//" in s :
      tokens.add( TOKEN_COMMENT, s.split( "//" )[1] )
      state = STATE_COMMENT
    else :
      tokens.add( TOKEN_CODE, s )
  if state is STATE_COMMENT :
    if "//" in s :
      tokens.append( TOKEN_COMMENT, s.split( "//" )[1] )
    else
      state = STATE_CODE
      # Re-evaluate same line
      continue
  try :
    s = i.next()
  except StopIteration :
    break

当前回答

我相信python上的这个do-while模拟的语法格式与C和Java中呈现的do-while结构格式最接近。

do = True
while do:
    [...]
    do = <condition>

2021-05-02 19:17:59

其他回答

你想知道:

为了捕捉“停止迭代”异常并正确地打破while循环，我能做些什么?

你可以这样做，如下所示，这也利用了Python 3.8中引入的赋值表达式特性(又名“海象运算符”):

list_of_ints = [1, 2, 3]
iterator = iter(list_of_ints)

try:
    while (element := next(iterator)):
        print(element)
except StopIteration:
    print("done")

另一种可能(从Python 2.6到3.x都适用)是为内置的next()函数提供一个默认参数，以避免StopIteration异常:

SENTINEL = object()  # Unique object.
list_of_ints = [1, 2, 3]
iterator = iter(list_of_ints)

while True:
    element = next(iterator, SENTINEL)
    if element is SENTINEL:
        break
    print(element)

print("done")

2021-03-13 18:36:04

下面是一个非常简单的模拟do-while循环的方法:

condition = True
while condition:
    # loop body here
    condition = test_loop_condition()
# end of loop

do-while循环的关键特征是循环体总是至少执行一次，并且条件在循环体的底部计算。这里显示的控制结构实现了这两种功能，不需要异常或break语句。它确实引入了一个额外的布尔变量。

2010-03-14 00:09:54

我相信python上的这个do-while模拟的语法格式与C和Java中呈现的do-while结构格式最接近。

do = True
while do:
    [...]
    do = <condition>

2021-05-02 19:17:59

用于包含try语句的do - while循环

loop = True
while loop:
    generic_stuff()
    try:
        questionable_stuff()
#       to break from successful completion
#       loop = False  
    except:
        optional_stuff()
#       to break from unsuccessful completion - 
#       the case referenced in the OP's question
        loop = False
   finally:
        more_generic_stuff()

或者，当不需要'finally'从句时

while True:
    generic_stuff()
    try:
        questionable_stuff()
#       to break from successful completion
#       break  
    except:
        optional_stuff()
#       to break from unsuccessful completion - 
#       the case referenced in the OP's question
        break

2011-05-10 22:03:06

while condition is True: 
  stuff()
else:
  stuff()

2010-11-30 01:38:03

如何模拟一个do-while循环?

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