我想要一个5个字符的字符串,由从集合[a-zA-Z0-9]中随机选取的字符组成。

用JavaScript实现这一点的最佳方法是什么?


当前回答

为了满足要求[a-zA-Z0-9]和5个字符的长度,使用

对于浏览器:

btoa(Math.random().toString()).substring(10,15);

对于NodeJS:

Buffer.from(Math.random().toString()).toString("base64").substring(10,15);

将出现小写字母、大写字母和数字。

(字体兼容)

其他回答

这是doubletap答案的稍微改进版本。当Math.random()返回0、0.5、0.25、0.125等时,它会考虑gertas对案例的评论。

((Math.random()+3*Number.MIN_VALUE)/Math.PI).toString(36).slice(-5)

它防止零被传递给toString,我将最小的浮点值添加到Math.random()。它确保传递给toString的数字有足够的数字,通过除以一个几乎不合理的数字。

function generate(length) {
  var letters = ["a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t","u","v","w","x","y","z","A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z","0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"];
  var IDtext = "";
  var i = 0;
  while (i < length) {
    var letterIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * letters.length);
    var letter = letters[letterIndex];
    IDtext = IDtext + letter;
    i++;
  }
  console.log(IDtext)
}

随机字符串生成器(字母数字|字母数字|数字)

/***伪随机串发生器* http://stackoverflow.com/a/27872144/383904*默认值:返回随机字母数字字符串* *@param{Integer}len所需长度*@param{String}an可选(字母数字),“a”(字母),“n”(数字)*@return{字符串}*/函数randomString(len,an){an=an&&an.toLowerCase();var str=“”,i=0,min=an==“a”?10 : 0,max=an==“n”?10 : 62;对于(;i++<len;){var r=数学随机()*(最大值-最小值)+最小值<<0;str+=String.fromCharCode(r+=r>9?r<36?55:61:48);}返回str;}console.log(randomString(10));//即:“4Z8INGag9v”console.log(randomString(10,“a”));//即:“aUkZuHNcWw”console.log(randomString(10,“n”));//即:“9055739230”


虽然以上使用了对期望的A/N、A、N输出的附加检查,让我们将其分解为基本要素(仅限字母数字),以便更好地理解:

创建一个接受参数的函数(随机字符串结果的所需长度)创建一个空字符串,如var str=“”;连接随机字符在循环内创建一个从0到61(0..9+a.Z+a..Z=62)的rand索引编号创建一个条件逻辑来调整/修复rand(因为它是0..61),将其递增一些数字(参见下面的示例),以获取正确的CharCode编号和相关字符。在循环内部连接到str一个String.fromCharCode(递增rand)

让我们想象一下ASCII字符表范围:

_____0....9______A..........Z______a..........z___________  Character
     | 10 |      |    26    |      |    26    |             Tot = 62 characters
    48....57    65..........90    97..........122           CharCode ranges

Math.floor(Math.random*62)给出了从0..61(我们需要的)的范围。让我们修复随机数以获得正确的charCode范围:

      |   rand   | charCode |  (0..61)rand += fix            = charCode ranges |
------+----------+----------+--------------------------------+-----------------+
0..9  |   0..9   |  48..57  |  rand += 48                    =     48..57      |
A..Z  |  10..35  |  65..90  |  rand += 55 /*  90-35 = 55 */  =     65..90      |
a..z  |  36..61  |  97..122 |  rand += 61 /* 122-61 = 61 */  =     97..122     |

上表中的条件运算逻辑:

   rand += rand>9 ? ( rand<36 ? 55 : 61 ) : 48 ;
// rand +=  true  ? (  true   ? 55 else 61 ) else 48 ;

根据上面的解释,下面是生成的字母数字代码段:

函数randomString(len){var str=“”;//字符串结果对于(var i=0;i<len;i++){//循环“len”次数var rand=数学地板(Math.random()*62);//随机:0..61var charCode=rand+=rand>9?(兰特<36?55:61):48;//获取正确的charCodestr+=字符串.fromCharCode(charCode);//将字符添加到str}返回str;//完成所有循环后,返回连接字符串}console.log(randomString(10));//即:“7GL9F0ne6t”

或者,如果您愿意:

const randomString=(n,r=“”)=>{而(n--)r+=String.fromCharCode((r=Math.random()*62|0,r+=r>9?(r<36?55:61):48));返回r;};console.log(randomString(10))

加密强

如果您想获得满足您要求的加密强字符串(我看到的答案使用了这个,但给出了无效答案),请使用

let pass = n=> [...crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(n))]
   .map((x,i)=>(i=x/255*61|0,String.fromCharCode(i+(i>9?i>35?61:55:48)))).join``

let pass=n=>[…crypto.getRandomValues(新Uint8Array(n))].map((x,i)=>(i=x/255*61|0,String.fromCharCode(i+(i>9?i>35?61:55:48))).join``console.log(通过(5));

更新:感谢Zibri评论,我更新代码以获得任意长密码

生成任意数量的十六进制字符(例如32):

(function(max){let r='';for(let i=0;i<max/13;i++)r+=(Math.random()+1).toString(16).substring(2);return r.substring(0,max).toUpperCase()})(32);