我需要能够在运行时合并两个(非常简单)JavaScript对象。例如,我想:

var obj1 = { food: 'pizza', car: 'ford' }
var obj2 = { animal: 'dog' }

obj1.merge(obj2);

//obj1 now has three properties: food, car, and animal

是否有一种内置的方法来实现这一点?我不需要递归,也不需要合并函数,只需要平面对象上的方法。


当前回答

此解决方案创建一个新对象,并能够处理多个对象。

此外,它是递归的,您可以选择要覆盖值和对象的天气。

    function extendObjects() {

        var newObject        = {};
        var overwriteValues  = false;
        var overwriteObjects = false;

        for ( var indexArgument = 0; indexArgument < arguments.length; indexArgument++ ) {

            if ( typeof arguments[indexArgument] !== 'object' ) {

                if ( arguments[indexArgument] == 'overwriteValues_True' ) {

                    overwriteValues = true;            
                } else if ( arguments[indexArgument] == 'overwriteValues_False' ) {

                    overwriteValues = false;                             
                } else if ( arguments[indexArgument] == 'overwriteObjects_True' ) {

                    overwriteObjects = true;     
                } else if ( arguments[indexArgument] == 'overwriteObjects_False' ) {

                    overwriteObjects = false; 
                }

            } else {

                extendObject( arguments[indexArgument], newObject, overwriteValues, overwriteObjects );
            }

        }

        function extendObject( object, extendedObject, overwriteValues, overwriteObjects ) {

            for ( var indexObject in object ) {

                if ( typeof object[indexObject] === 'object' ) {

                    if ( typeof extendedObject[indexObject] === "undefined" || overwriteObjects ) {
                        extendedObject[indexObject] = object[indexObject];
                    }

                    extendObject( object[indexObject], extendedObject[indexObject], overwriteValues, overwriteObjects );

                } else {

                    if ( typeof extendedObject[indexObject] === "undefined" || overwriteValues ) {
                        extendedObject[indexObject] = object[indexObject];
                    }

                }

            }     

            return extendedObject;

        }

        return newObject;
    }

    var object1           = { a : 1, b : 2, testArr : [888, { innArr : 1 }, 777 ], data : { e : 12, c : { lol : 1 }, rofl : { O : 3 } } };
    var object2           = { a : 6, b : 9, data : { a : 17, b : 18, e : 13, rofl : { O : 99, copter : { mao : 1 } } }, hexa : { tetra : 66 } };
    var object3           = { f : 13, g : 666, a : 333, data : { c : { xD : 45 } }, testArr : [888, { innArr : 3 }, 555 ]  };

    var newExtendedObject = extendObjects( 'overwriteValues_False', 'overwriteObjects_False', object1, object2, object3 );

newExtendedObject的内容:

{"a":1,"b":2,"testArr":[888,{"innArr":1},777],"data":{"e":12,"c":{"lol":1,"xD":45},"rofl":{"O":3,"copter":{"mao":1}},"a":17,"b":18},"hexa":{"tetra":66},"f":13,"g":666}

小提琴:http://jsfiddle.net/o0gb2umb/

其他回答

使用jQuery库尝试这种方式

let obj1 = { food: 'pizza', car: 'ford' }
let obj2 = { animal: 'dog' }

console.log(jQuery.extend(obj1, obj2))

顺便说一句,你们正在做的是覆盖财产,而不是合并。。。

这就是JavaScript对象区域真正合并的方式:只有to对象中不是对象本身的键才会被from覆盖。其他一切都将被真正合并。当然,您可以将此行为更改为不覆盖任何存在的内容,例如仅当to[n]未定义时,等等…:

var realMerge = function (to, from) {

    for (n in from) {

        if (typeof to[n] != 'object') {
            to[n] = from[n];
        } else if (typeof from[n] == 'object') {
            to[n] = realMerge(to[n], from[n]);
        }
    }
    return to;
};

用法:

var merged = realMerge(obj1, obj2);

ECMAScript 2018标准方法

您可以使用对象扩散:

let merged = {...obj1, ...obj2};

merged现在是obj1和obj2的并集。obj2中的财产将覆盖obj1中的属性。

/** There's no limit to the number of objects you can merge.
 *  Later properties overwrite earlier properties with the same name. */
const allRules = {...obj1, ...obj2, ...obj3};

这里还有此语法的MDN文档。如果您正在使用babel,则需要@babel/plugin提议对象rest spread插件才能工作(该插件包含在ES2018中的@babel/preset-env中)。

ECMAScript 2015(ES6)标准方法

/* For the case in question, you would do: */
Object.assign(obj1, obj2);

/** There's no limit to the number of objects you can merge.
 *  All objects get merged into the first object. 
 *  Only the object in the first argument is mutated and returned.
 *  Later properties overwrite earlier properties with the same name. */
const allRules = Object.assign({}, obj1, obj2, obj3, etc);

(参见MDN JavaScript参考)


ES5及更早版本的方法

for (var attrname in obj2) { obj1[attrname] = obj2[attrname]; }

请注意,这将简单地将obj2的所有属性添加到obj1中,如果您仍然希望使用未修改的obj1,那么这可能不是您想要的。

如果你使用的是一个在你的原型上到处都是垃圾的框架,那么你必须通过hasOwnProperty这样的检查来获得更高的效率,但这段代码在99%的情况下都是有效的。

示例函数:

/**
 * Overwrites obj1's values with obj2's and adds obj2's if non existent in obj1
 * @param obj1
 * @param obj2
 * @returns obj3 a new object based on obj1 and obj2
 */
function merge_options(obj1,obj2){
    var obj3 = {};
    for (var attrname in obj1) { obj3[attrname] = obj1[attrname]; }
    for (var attrname in obj2) { obj3[attrname] = obj2[attrname]; }
    return obj3;
}

jQuery还有一个实用程序:http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.extend/.

摘自jQuery文档:

// Merge options object into settings object
var settings = { validate: false, limit: 5, name: "foo" };
var options  = { validate: true, name: "bar" };
jQuery.extend(settings, options);

// Now the content of settings object is the following:
// { validate: true, limit: 5, name: "bar" }

上面的代码将改变现有的名为setting的对象。


如果要在不修改任何参数的情况下创建新对象,请使用以下命令:

var defaults = { validate: false, limit: 5, name: "foo" };
var options = { validate: true, name: "bar" };

/* Merge defaults and options, without modifying defaults */
var settings = $.extend({}, defaults, options);

// The content of settings variable is now the following:
// {validate: true, limit: 5, name: "bar"}
// The 'defaults' and 'options' variables remained the same.

最好的方法是使用Object.defineProperty添加一个不可枚举的适当属性。

通过这种方式,您仍然可以迭代对象财产,而无需使用Object.prototype.extend创建属性时新创建的“extend”。

希望这有助于:

Object.defineProperty(Object.prototype, "extend", {
    enumerable: false,
    value: function(from) {
        var props = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(from);
        var dest = this;
        props.forEach(function(name) {
            if (name in dest) {
                var destination = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(from, name);
                Object.defineProperty(dest, name, destination);
            }
        });
        return this;
    }
});

一旦你做到了这一点,你就可以做到:

var obj = {
    name: 'stack',
    finish: 'overflow'
}
var replacement = {
    name: 'stock'
};

obj.extend(replacement);

我刚刚在这里写了一篇博文:http://onemoredigit.com/post/1527191998/extending-objects-in-node-js