如何在两个datetime对象之间以分钟为单位区分时间?
当前回答
我利用时差进行了连续集成测试,以检查和完善我的功能。如果有人需要,这里有一些简单的代码
from datetime import datetime
class TimeLogger:
time_cursor = None
def pin_time(self):
global time_cursor
time_cursor = datetime.now()
def log(self, text=None) -> float:
global time_cursor
if not time_cursor:
time_cursor = datetime.now()
now = datetime.now()
t_delta = now - time_cursor
seconds = t_delta.total_seconds()
result = str(now) + ' tl -----------> %.5f' % seconds
if text:
result += " " + text
print(result)
self.pin_time()
return seconds
time_logger = TimeLogger()
使用:
from .tests_time_logger import time_logger
class Tests(TestCase):
def test_workflow(self):
time_logger.pin_time()
... my functions here ...
time_logger.log()
... other function(s) ...
time_logger.log(text='Tests finished')
我在log输出中有类似的东西
2019-12-20 17:19:23.635297 tl -----------> 0.00007
2019-12-20 17:19:28.147656 tl -----------> 4.51234 Tests finished
其他回答
只要用一个减去另一个。你会得到一个timedelta对象。
>>> import datetime
>>> d1 = datetime.datetime.now()
>>> d2 = datetime.datetime.now() # after a 5-second or so pause
>>> d2 - d1
datetime.timedelta(0, 5, 203000)
>>> dd = d2 - d1
>>> print (dd.days) # get days
>>> print (dd.seconds) # get seconds
>>> print (dd.microseconds) # get microseconds
>>> print (int(round(dd.total_seconds()/60, 0))) # get minutes
>>> import datetime
>>> first_time = datetime.datetime.now()
>>> later_time = datetime.datetime.now()
>>> difference = later_time - first_time
datetime.timedelta(0, 8, 562000)
>>> seconds_in_day = 24 * 60 * 60
>>> divmod(difference.days * seconds_in_day + difference.seconds, 60)
(0, 8) # 0 minutes, 8 seconds
从第一个时间差中减去后面的时间= later_time - first_time创建一个只保存时间差的datetime对象。 在上面的例子中,它是0分钟,8秒和562000微秒。
如果a, b是datetime对象,那么在Python 3中查找它们之间的时间差:
from datetime import timedelta
time_difference = a - b
time_difference_in_minutes = time_difference / timedelta(minutes=1)
在早期的Python版本中:
time_difference_in_minutes = time_difference.total_seconds() / 60
如果a, b是天真的datetime对象,例如datetime.now()返回的,那么如果对象表示具有不同UTC偏移量的本地时间,例如DST转换前后或过去/未来日期,则结果可能是错误的。更多细节:查找datetimes之间是否已经过了24小时- Python。
要获得可靠的结果,请使用UTC时间或时区感知的datetime对象。
要查找天数:timedelta有一个'days'属性。你可以简单地查询一下。
>>>from datetime import datetime, timedelta
>>>d1 = datetime(2015, 9, 12, 13, 9, 45)
>>>d2 = datetime(2015, 8, 29, 21, 10, 12)
>>>d3 = d1- d2
>>>print d3
13 days, 15:59:33
>>>print d3.days
13
以datetime为例
>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> then = datetime(2012, 3, 5, 23, 8, 15) # Random date in the past
>>> now = datetime.now() # Now
>>> duration = now - then # For build-in functions
>>> duration_in_s = duration.total_seconds() # Total number of seconds between dates
持续时间(年)
>>> years = divmod(duration_in_s, 31536000)[0] # Seconds in a year=365*24*60*60 = 31536000.
持续时间(天)
>>> days = duration.days # Build-in datetime function
>>> days = divmod(duration_in_s, 86400)[0] # Seconds in a day = 86400
持续时间(小时)
>>> hours = divmod(duration_in_s, 3600)[0] # Seconds in an hour = 3600
持续时间(分钟)
>>> minutes = divmod(duration_in_s, 60)[0] # Seconds in a minute = 60
持续时间(秒)
[!参见本文底部关于使用持续时间以秒为单位的警告
>>> seconds = duration.seconds # Build-in datetime function
>>> seconds = duration_in_s
持续时间(微秒)
[!参见本文底部关于使用以微秒为单位的持续时间的警告
>>> microseconds = duration.microseconds # Build-in datetime function
两个日期之间的总时间
>>> days = divmod(duration_in_s, 86400) # Get days (without [0]!)
>>> hours = divmod(days[1], 3600) # Use remainder of days to calc hours
>>> minutes = divmod(hours[1], 60) # Use remainder of hours to calc minutes
>>> seconds = divmod(minutes[1], 1) # Use remainder of minutes to calc seconds
>>> print("Time between dates: %d days, %d hours, %d minutes and %d seconds" % (days[0], hours[0], minutes[0], seconds[0]))
或者仅仅是:
>>> print(now - then)
编辑2019 由于这个答案已经获得了支持,我将添加一个函数,这可能会简化一些用法
from datetime import datetime
def getDuration(then, now = datetime.now(), interval = "default"):
# Returns a duration as specified by variable interval
# Functions, except totalDuration, returns [quotient, remainder]
duration = now - then # For build-in functions
duration_in_s = duration.total_seconds()
def years():
return divmod(duration_in_s, 31536000) # Seconds in a year=31536000.
def days(seconds = None):
return divmod(seconds if seconds != None else duration_in_s, 86400) # Seconds in a day = 86400
def hours(seconds = None):
return divmod(seconds if seconds != None else duration_in_s, 3600) # Seconds in an hour = 3600
def minutes(seconds = None):
return divmod(seconds if seconds != None else duration_in_s, 60) # Seconds in a minute = 60
def seconds(seconds = None):
if seconds != None:
return divmod(seconds, 1)
return duration_in_s
def totalDuration():
y = years()
d = days(y[1]) # Use remainder to calculate next variable
h = hours(d[1])
m = minutes(h[1])
s = seconds(m[1])
return "Time between dates: {} years, {} days, {} hours, {} minutes and {} seconds".format(int(y[0]), int(d[0]), int(h[0]), int(m[0]), int(s[0]))
return {
'years': int(years()[0]),
'days': int(days()[0]),
'hours': int(hours()[0]),
'minutes': int(minutes()[0]),
'seconds': int(seconds()),
'default': totalDuration()
}[interval]
# Example usage
then = datetime(2012, 3, 5, 23, 8, 15)
now = datetime.now()
print(getDuration(then)) # E.g. Time between dates: 7 years, 208 days, 21 hours, 19 minutes and 15 seconds
print(getDuration(then, now, 'years')) # Prints duration in years
print(getDuration(then, now, 'days')) # days
print(getDuration(then, now, 'hours')) # hours
print(getDuration(then, now, 'minutes')) # minutes
print(getDuration(then, now, 'seconds')) # seconds
警告:关于内置的.seconds和.microseconds的警告 datetime。Seconds和datetime。微秒的上限分别为[0,86400)和[0,10^6)。
如果timedelta大于返回值的最大值,则应该谨慎使用。
例子:
开始后1h, 200μs结束:
>>> start = datetime(2020,12,31,22,0,0,500)
>>> end = datetime(2020,12,31,23,0,0,700)
>>> delta = end - start
>>> delta.microseconds
RESULT: 200
EXPECTED: 3600000200
End在开始后1d和1h:
>>> start = datetime(2020,12,30,22,0,0)
>>> end = datetime(2020,12,31,23,0,0)
>>> delta = end - start
>>> delta.seconds
RESULT: 3600
EXPECTED: 90000
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