在我的一次采访中，我被要求解释接口类和抽象类之间的区别。
以下是我的回答:
Methods of a Java interface are implicitly abstract
and cannot have implementations. A Java abstract class can have
instance methods that implements a default behaviour.
Variables declared in a Java interface are by default final. An
abstract class may contain non-final variables.
Members of a Java interface are public by default. A Java abstract
class can have the usual flavours of class members like private,
protected, etc.
A Java interface should be implemented using keyword “implements”; A
Java abstract class should be extended using keyword “extends”.
An interface can extend another Java interface only, an abstract class
can extend another Java class and implement multiple Java interfaces.
A Java class can implement multiple interfaces but it can extend only
one abstract class.
然而，面试官并不满意，他告诉我这种描述代表了“书本知识”。
他让我给出一个更实际的回答，用实际的例子解释我什么时候会选择抽象类而不是接口。
我哪里错了?
你很好地总结了使用和实现方面的实际差异，但没有提到意义上的差异。
接口是实现类将具有的行为的描述。实现类确保它将拥有这些可以在其上使用的方法。它基本上是类必须做出的契约或承诺。
抽象类是不同子类的基础，这些子类共享不需要重复创建的行为。子类必须完成行为，并有覆盖预定义行为的选项(只要它没有被定义为final或private)。
你会在java中找到很好的例子。util包，它包含了List这样的接口和AbstractList这样已经实现了接口的抽象类。官方文档对AbstractList的描述如下:
该类提供了List接口的框架实现，以最大限度地减少实现该接口所需的工作，该接口由“随机访问”数据存储(例如数组)支持。
是的，从技术上讲，你的回答是正确的，但你的错误之处在于，你没有向他们表明你理解选择其中一个的利弊。此外，他们可能担心将来升级时代码库的兼容性问题。这种类型的回答可能有帮助(除了你说的):
"Choosing an Abstract Class over an Interface Class depends on what we
project the future of the code will be.
Abstract classes allow better forward-compatibility because you can
continue adding behavior to an Abstract Class well into the future
without breaking your existing code --> this is not possible with an
Interface Class.
On the other hand, Interface Classes are more flexible than Abstract
Classes. This is because they can implement multiple interfaces. The
thing is Java does not have multiple inheritances so using abstract
classes won't let you use any other class hierarchy structure...
So, in the end a good general rule of thumb is: Prefer using Interface
Classes when there are no existing/default implementations in your
codebase. And, use Abstract Classes to preserve compatibility if you
know you will be updating your class in the future."
祝你下次面试好运!
