写出应用程序需要的类型。(ref FileDialog.Filter)。以下是最常见的图像格式。

private static string GetImageFilter()
{
    return
        "All Files (*.*)|*.*" +
        "|All Pictures (*.emf;*.wmf;*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.jfif;*.jpe;*.png;*.bmp;*.dib;*.rle;*.gif;*.emz;*.wmz;*.tif;*.tiff;*.svg;*.ico)" +
            "|*.emf;*.wmf;*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.jfif;*.jpe;*.png;*.bmp;*.dib;*.rle;*.gif;*.emz;*.wmz;*.tif;*.tiff;*.svg;*.ico" +
        "|Windows Enhanced Metafile (*.emf)|*.emf" +
        "|Windows Metafile (*.wmf)|*.wmf" +
        "|JPEG File Interchange Format (*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.jfif;*.jpe)|*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.jfif;*.jpe" +
        "|Portable Network Graphics (*.png)|*.png" +
        "|Bitmap Image File (*.bmp;*.dib;*.rle)|*.bmp;*.dib;*.rle" +
        "|Compressed Windows Enhanced Metafile (*.emz)|*.emz" +
        "|Compressed Windows MetaFile (*.wmz)|*.wmz" +
        "|Tag Image File Format (*.tif;*.tiff)|*.tif;*.tiff" +
        "|Scalable Vector Graphics (*.svg)|*.svg" +
        "|Icon (*.ico)|*.ico";
}

示例使用

设置FilterIndex = 2以预选“所有图片”。不要设置openFileDialog。除非你有一个很好的理由。

void OpenImageFile()
{
    var openFileDialog  = new OpenFileDialog
    {
        Filter = GetImageFilter(),
        FilterIndex = 2,
        RestoreDirectory = true
    };
    DialogResult result = openFileDialog.ShowDialog();

    // do something with your file
    // bool resultOk = (result == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK);
    // string filePath = openFileDialog.FileName;
    // ...
}

使用此方法返回一个与Filter兼容的字符串，该字符串由支持当前系统理解的图像格式的ImageCodecInfo构建。

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the Filter string for all supported image types.
        /// To be used in the FileDialog class Filter Property.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string GetImageFilter()
        {
            string imageExtensions = string.Empty;
            string separator = "";
            ImageCodecInfo[] codecs = ImageCodecInfo.GetImageEncoders();
            Dictionary<string, string> imageFilters = new Dictionary<string, string>();
            foreach (ImageCodecInfo codec in codecs)
            {
                imageExtensions = $"{imageExtensions}{separator}{codec.FilenameExtension.ToLower()}";
                separator = ";";
                imageFilters.Add($"{codec.FormatDescription} files ({codec.FilenameExtension.ToLower()})", codec.FilenameExtension.ToLower());
            }
            string result = string.Empty;
            separator = "";
            foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> filter in imageFilters)
            {
                result += $"{separator}{filter.Key}|{filter.Value}";
                separator = "|";
            }
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(imageExtensions))
            {
                result += $"{separator}Image files|{imageExtensions}";
            }
            return result;
        }

结果如下所示:

要过滤图像文件，请使用下面的代码示例。

//Create a new instance of openFileDialog
OpenFileDialog res = new OpenFileDialog();

//Filter
res.Filter = "Image Files|*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.png;*.gif;*.tif;...";

//When the user select the file
if (res.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
   //Get the file's path
   var filePath = res.FileName;
   //Do something
   ....
}

为了匹配一个由不同类别的文件组成的列表，你可以像这样使用过滤器:

        var dlg = new Microsoft.Win32.OpenFileDialog()
        {
            DefaultExt = ".xlsx",
            Filter = "Excel Files (*.xls, *.xlsx)|*.xls;*.xlsx|CSV Files (*.csv)|*.csv"
        };

从文档中，你需要的过滤器语法如下:

Office Files|*.doc;*.xls;*.ppt

例如，图像文件|*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.png;....

对于那些不想每次都记住语法的人，这里有一个简单的封装:

public class FileDialogFilter : List<string>
{
    public string Explanation { get; }

    public FileDialogFilter(string explanation, params string[] extensions)
    {
        Explanation = explanation;
        AddRange(extensions);
    }

    public string GetFileDialogRepresentation()
    {
        if (!this.Any())
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("No file extension is defined.");
        }

        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

        builder.Append(Explanation);

        builder.Append(" (");
        builder.Append(String.Join(", ", this));
        builder.Append(")");

        builder.Append("|");
        builder.Append(String.Join(";", this));

        return builder.ToString();
    }
}

public class FileDialogFilterCollection : List<FileDialogFilter>
{
    public string GetFileDialogRepresentation()
    {
        return String.Join("|", this.Select(filter => filter.GetFileDialogRepresentation()));
    }
}

用法:

FileDialogFilter filterImage = new FileDialogFilter("Image Files", "*.jpeg", "*.bmp");
FileDialogFilter filterOffice = new FileDialogFilter("Office Files", "*.doc", "*.xls", "*.ppt");

FileDialogFilterCollection filters = new FileDialogFilterCollection
{
    filterImage,
    filterOffice
};

OpenFileDialog fileDialog = new OpenFileDialog
{
    Filter = filters.GetFileDialogRepresentation()
};

fileDialog.ShowDialog();