当我试图安装最新版本的compass (https://rubygems.org/gems/compass/versions/1.0.0.alpha.17)时,我得到以下错误。

ERROR:  Error installing compass:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

 ERROR:  Error installing compass:
  ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for ffi.h... no
checking for ffi.h in /usr/local/include,/usr/include/ffi... yes
checking for ffi_call() in -lffi... yes
checking for ffi_prep_closure()... yes
checking for ffi_raw_call()... no
checking for rb_thread_blocking_region()... yes
checking for rb_thread_call_with_gvl()... yes
checking for rb_thread_call_without_gvl()... yes
checking for ffi_prep_cif_var()... no
creating extconf.h
creating Makefile

make "DESTDIR=" clean

make "DESTDIR="
compiling AbstractMemory.c
compiling ArrayType.c
compiling Buffer.c
compiling Call.c
Call.c:303:5: warning: implicit declaration of function 'rb_thread_call_without_gvl' is invalid in C99 [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
    rbffi_thread_blocking_region(call_blocking_function, data, (void *) -1, NULL);
    ^
./Thread.h:78:39: note: expanded from macro 'rbffi_thread_blocking_region'
# define rbffi_thread_blocking_region rb_thread_call_without_gvl
                                      ^
1 warning generated.
compiling ClosurePool.c
compiling DataConverter.c
DataConverter.c:43:1: warning: control may reach end of non-void function [-Wreturn-type]
}
^
1 warning generated.
compiling DynamicLibrary.c
compiling ffi.c
compiling Function.c
Function.c:479:33: warning: incompatible pointer types passing 'VALUE (void *)' to parameter of type 'void *(*)(void *)' [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
        rb_thread_call_with_gvl(callback_with_gvl, &cb);
                                ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Function.c:102:46: note: passing argument to parameter 'func' here
extern void *rb_thread_call_with_gvl(void *(*func)(void *), void *data1);
                                             ^
Function.c:563:9: warning: implicit declaration of function 'rb_thread_call_without_gvl' is invalid in C99 [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
        rb_thread_call_without_gvl(async_cb_wait, &w, async_cb_stop, &w);
        ^
Function.c:738:1: warning: control reaches end of non-void function [-Wreturn-type]
}
^
3 warnings generated.
compiling FunctionInfo.c
compiling LastError.c
compiling LongDouble.c
compiling MappedType.c
compiling MemoryPointer.c
compiling MethodHandle.c
compiling Platform.c
compiling Pointer.c
compiling Struct.c
compiling StructByReference.c
compiling StructByValue.c
compiling StructLayout.c
compiling Thread.c
compiling Type.c
compiling Types.c
compiling Variadic.c
linking shared-object ffi_c.bundle
clang: error: unknown argument: '-multiply_definedsuppress' [-Wunused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future]
clang: note: this will be a hard error (cannot be downgraded to a warning) in the future
make: *** [ffi_c.bundle] Error 1

make failed, exit code 2

Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/ffi-1.9.3 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/extensions/universal-darwin-13/2.0.0/ffi-1.9.3/gem_make.out

这是怎么回事?如何正确安装最新的指南针?


当前回答

在Mac上安装Ruby宝石是一个常见的困惑和沮丧的来源。不幸的是,大多数解决方案都是不完整的,过时的,并且提供了糟糕的建议。这里投票最多的答案是使用sudo,你永远都不需要这样做,特别是如果你不理解它是做什么的。

了解为什么你不应该使用sudo来安装宝石。

错误“未能构建gem本机扩展”是由于苹果命令行工具未安装。但是,安装它们并不一定会为您提供一个合适的Ruby环境。

在更高的层面上,Ruby设置有5个步骤,我在Mac上安装Ruby gems的最终指南中详细介绍了这些步骤。它解释了为什么会出现这个错误,比较了各种解决方案,为什么有些解决方案比其他解决方案更好,以及为什么不应该使用sudo。

我在这个回答中也写了这些步骤: https://stackoverflow.com/a/54873916/928191

其他回答

在ubuntu 14.04中,当执行apt-get install rubygems时,出现一个错误

E:软件包“rubygems”没有安装候选

服从命令解决问题。

Sudo apt-get安装GCC ruby-devel rubygems-集成ruby-compass

嗨,这是一个挑战,让它在Mac上工作,所以不管怎样,这里有一个解决方案

安装macports 安装区 重启终端 先执行rvm requirements命令,再执行rvm install 2.1命令 最后一步是运行gem install compass—pre

我不确定,但是Mavericks上的ruby版本不支持本地扩展等等…所以如果你指向其他ruby版本,比如我做的“2.1”,它可以正常工作。

sudo gem update --system
sudo gem install compass 

在Mac OS X 10.9上,如果你尝试xcode-select——install,你会得到以下错误:

无法安装该软件,因为它当前不可用 软件更新服务器。

解决方案是直接从苹果网站https://developer.apple.com/downloads/index.action?name=for%20Xcode%20-下载命令行工具(OS X 10.9)

然后,您将能够安装命令行工具的最新版本。

Gem安装过度

也就是运行时这个错误已经被放置在终端中。

Failed to build gem native extension

请也这样做

xcode-select --install

它也会解决这个问题