简单地说，序列化是一个将对象转换为字节流的过程，这样它就可以通过网络传输或存储在持久存储器中。

反序列化则完全相反——从网络或持久化存储中获取字节流，并将其转换回具有相同状态的Object。

需要理解的是如何解释或操作这些字节流，以便我们得到完全相同的对象/相同的状态。有很多方法可以实现这一点。其中一些是-

XML: Convert Object to XML, transfer it over a network or store it in a file/db. Retrieve it and convert it back to the object with same state. In Java we use JAXB(Java architecture for XML binding) library.(From java 6 it comes bundled with JDK). JSON: Same can be done by converting the Object to JSON (JavaScript Object notation). Again there is GSON library that can be used for this. Or we can use the Serialization that is provided by the OOP language itself. For example, in Java you can serialize an Object my making it implement Serializable interface and writing to Object Stream.

序列化必须将二进制对象转换为XML(或其他字符串)表示形式，以便将其存储在数据库/文件中或通过web服务调用通过网络发送。反序列化是相反的过程——将XML/字符串转换回对象。

看看这个，它会给你一个很好的解释:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serialization

我认为序列化这个术语最常见的用法是将二进制对象转换为XML(或其他字符串)表示形式，这样它就可以存储在数据库/文件中，或者在web服务调用中通过网络发送。反序列化是相反的过程——将XML/字符串转换回对象。

编辑: 您可能遇到的另一个术语是编组/解组。编组基本上是与序列化相同的概念，而解组与反序列化相同。

序列化是将内存中的对象转换为字节流的过程，这样您就可以将其存储在磁盘上或通过网络发送。

反序列化是相反的过程:将字节流转换为内存中的对象。

只要考虑一下下面的想法就能理解它。

序列化:

"hello world".split() returns ['hello', 'world']

反序列化:

" ".join(['hello', 'world']) returns "hello world"

Serialization is the process of converting an object into a stream of bytes to store the object or transmit it to memory, a database, or a file. Its main purpose is to save the state of an object in order to be able to recreate it when needed. The reverse process is called deserialization. ... This illustration shows the overall process of serialization ... Through serialization, a developer can perform actions like sending the object to a remote application by means of a Web Service, passing an object from one domain to another, passing an object through a firewall as an XML string, or maintaining security or user-specific information across applications

从https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/concepts/serialization/

(强调我的)