我更喜欢case对象(这是个人喜好的问题)。为了解决这种方法固有的问题(解析字符串并遍历所有元素)，我添加了一些不完美但有效的行。

我把代码粘贴在这里，希望它有用，也希望其他人可以改进它。

/**
 * Enum for Genre. It contains the type, objects, elements set and parse method.
 *
 * This approach supports:
 *
 * - Pattern matching
 * - Parse from name
 * - Get all elements
 */
object Genre {
  sealed trait Genre

  case object MALE extends Genre
  case object FEMALE extends Genre

  val elements = Set (MALE, FEMALE) // You have to take care this set matches all objects

  def apply (code: String) =
    if (MALE.toString == code) MALE
    else if (FEMALE.toString == code) FEMALE
    else throw new IllegalArgumentException
}

/**
 * Enum usage (and tests).
 */
object GenreTest extends App {
  import Genre._

  val m1 = MALE
  val m2 = Genre ("MALE")

  assert (m1 == m2)
  assert (m1.toString == "MALE")

  val f1 = FEMALE
  val f2 = Genre ("FEMALE")

  assert (f1 == f2)
  assert (f1.toString == "FEMALE")

  try {
    Genre (null)
    assert (false)
  }
  catch {
    case e: IllegalArgumentException => assert (true)
  }

  try {
    Genre ("male")
    assert (false)
  }
  catch {
    case e: IllegalArgumentException => assert (true)
  }

  Genre.elements.foreach { println }
}

我更喜欢case对象(这是个人喜好的问题)。为了解决这种方法固有的问题(解析字符串并遍历所有元素)，我添加了一些不完美但有效的行。

我把代码粘贴在这里，希望它有用，也希望其他人可以改进它。

/**
 * Enum for Genre. It contains the type, objects, elements set and parse method.
 *
 * This approach supports:
 *
 * - Pattern matching
 * - Parse from name
 * - Get all elements
 */
object Genre {
  sealed trait Genre

  case object MALE extends Genre
  case object FEMALE extends Genre

  val elements = Set (MALE, FEMALE) // You have to take care this set matches all objects

  def apply (code: String) =
    if (MALE.toString == code) MALE
    else if (FEMALE.toString == code) FEMALE
    else throw new IllegalArgumentException
}

/**
 * Enum usage (and tests).
 */
object GenreTest extends App {
  import Genre._

  val m1 = MALE
  val m2 = Genre ("MALE")

  assert (m1 == m2)
  assert (m1.toString == "MALE")

  val f1 = FEMALE
  val f2 = Genre ("FEMALE")

  assert (f1 == f2)
  assert (f1.toString == "FEMALE")

  try {
    Genre (null)
    assert (false)
  }
  catch {
    case e: IllegalArgumentException => assert (true)
  }

  try {
    Genre ("male")
    assert (false)
  }
  catch {
    case e: IllegalArgumentException => assert (true)
  }

  Genre.elements.foreach { println }
}

在过去几次我需要这两个选择的时候，我一直在反复考虑。直到最近，我的偏好一直是密封的trait/case对象选项。

1) Scala枚举声明

object OutboundMarketMakerEntryPointType extends Enumeration {
  type OutboundMarketMakerEntryPointType = Value

  val Alpha, Beta = Value
}

2)封印属性+个案对象

sealed trait OutboundMarketMakerEntryPointType

case object AlphaEntryPoint extends OutboundMarketMakerEntryPointType

case object BetaEntryPoint extends OutboundMarketMakerEntryPointType

虽然这两种方法都不能满足java枚举提供的所有功能，但以下是优点和缺点:

Scala枚举

优点: -使用选项实例化或直接假设准确的函数(从持久存储加载时更容易) -支持迭代所有可能的值

缺点: 不支持非穷举搜索的编译警告(使模式匹配不理想)

Case对象/密封特征

优点: 使用密封特征，我们可以预实例化一些值，而其他值可以在创建时注入 完全支持模式匹配(应用/取消应用定义的方法)

缺点: -从持久存储实例化-你经常需要在这里使用模式匹配或者定义你自己的所有可能的“enum值”列表

最终让我改变观点的是以下片段:

object DbInstrumentQueries {
  def instrumentExtractor(tableAlias: String = "s")(rs: ResultSet): Instrument = {
    val symbol = rs.getString(tableAlias + ".name")
    val quoteCurrency = rs.getString(tableAlias + ".quote_currency")
    val fixRepresentation = rs.getString(tableAlias + ".fix_representation")
    val pointsValue = rs.getInt(tableAlias + ".points_value")
    val instrumentType = InstrumentType.fromString(rs.getString(tableAlias +".instrument_type"))
    val productType = ProductType.fromString(rs.getString(tableAlias + ".product_type"))

    Instrument(symbol, fixRepresentation, quoteCurrency, pointsValue, instrumentType, productType)
  }
}

object InstrumentType {
  def fromString(instrumentType: String): InstrumentType = Seq(CurrencyPair, Metal, CFD)
  .find(_.toString == instrumentType).get
}

object ProductType {

  def fromString(productType: String): ProductType = Seq(Commodity, Currency, Index)
  .find(_.toString == productType).get
}

.get调用是可怕的-使用枚举代替我可以简单地调用withName方法对枚举如下:

object DbInstrumentQueries {
  def instrumentExtractor(tableAlias: String = "s")(rs: ResultSet): Instrument = {
    val symbol = rs.getString(tableAlias + ".name")
    val quoteCurrency = rs.getString(tableAlias + ".quote_currency")
    val fixRepresentation = rs.getString(tableAlias + ".fix_representation")
    val pointsValue = rs.getInt(tableAlias + ".points_value")
    val instrumentType = InstrumentType.withNameString(rs.getString(tableAlias + ".instrument_type"))
    val productType = ProductType.withName(rs.getString(tableAlias + ".product_type"))

    Instrument(symbol, fixRepresentation, quoteCurrency, pointsValue, instrumentType, productType)
  }
}

所以我认为我的首选是使用枚举当值打算从存储库访问和case对象/密封特征。

UPDATE: The code below has a bug, described here. The test program below works, but if you were to use DayOfWeek.Mon (for example) before DayOfWeek itself, it would fail because DayOfWeek has not been initialized (use of an inner object does not cause an outer object to be initialized). You can still use this code if you do something like val enums = Seq( DayOfWeek ) in your main class, forcing initialization of your enums, or you can use chaotic3quilibrium's modifications. Looking forward to a macro-based enum!

如果你愿意

关于非穷尽模式匹配的警告 分配给每个枚举值的Int ID，您可以选择控制它 一个不可变的枚举值列表，按照它们定义的顺序 从名称到enum值的不可变映射 从id到enum值的不可变映射 为所有或特定枚举值粘贴方法/数据，或为整个枚举粘贴方法/数据的位置 排序enum值(这样您就可以测试，例如，day是否< Wednesday) 扩展一个枚举以创建其他枚举的能力

那么下面的内容可能会让你感兴趣。欢迎您的反馈。

在这个实现中，有抽象的Enum和EnumVal基类，可以对它们进行扩展。我们将在一分钟内看到这些类，但首先，这是你如何定义一个枚举:

object DayOfWeek extends Enum {
  sealed abstract class Val extends EnumVal
  case object Mon extends Val; Mon()
  case object Tue extends Val; Tue()
  case object Wed extends Val; Wed()
  case object Thu extends Val; Thu()
  case object Fri extends Val; Fri()
  case object Sat extends Val; Sat()
  case object Sun extends Val; Sun()
}

请注意，您必须使用每个枚举值(调用其apply方法)才能使其具有生命。[我希望内部对象不懒惰，除非我特别要求它们懒惰。我认为。)

当然，我们可以向DayOfWeek、Val或个别案例对象添加方法/数据，如果我们愿意的话。

下面是如何使用这样的枚举:

object DayOfWeekTest extends App {

  // To get a map from Int id to enum:
  println( DayOfWeek.valuesById )

  // To get a map from String name to enum:
  println( DayOfWeek.valuesByName )

  // To iterate through a list of the enum values in definition order,
  // which can be made different from ID order, and get their IDs and names:
  DayOfWeek.values foreach { v => println( v.id + " = " + v ) }

  // To sort by ID or name:
  println( DayOfWeek.values.sorted mkString ", " )
  println( DayOfWeek.values.sortBy(_.toString) mkString ", " )

  // To look up enum values by name:
  println( DayOfWeek("Tue") ) // Some[DayOfWeek.Val]
  println( DayOfWeek("Xyz") ) // None

  // To look up enum values by id:
  println( DayOfWeek(3) )         // Some[DayOfWeek.Val]
  println( DayOfWeek(9) )         // None

  import DayOfWeek._

  // To compare enums as ordinals:
  println( Tue < Fri )

  // Warnings about non-exhaustive pattern matches:
  def aufDeutsch( day: DayOfWeek.Val ) = day match {
    case Mon => "Montag"
    case Tue => "Dienstag"
    case Wed => "Mittwoch"
    case Thu => "Donnerstag"
    case Fri => "Freitag"
 // Commenting these out causes compiler warning: "match is not exhaustive!"
 // case Sat => "Samstag"
 // case Sun => "Sonntag"
  }

}

下面是你编译它时得到的结果:

DayOfWeekTest.scala:31: warning: match is not exhaustive!
missing combination            Sat
missing combination            Sun

  def aufDeutsch( day: DayOfWeek.Val ) = day match {
                                         ^
one warning found

您可以将“day match”替换为“(day: @unchecked) match”，因为您不想要这样的警告，或者简单地在结尾包含一个笼统的情况。

当你运行上面的程序时，你会得到这样的输出:

Map(0 -> Mon, 5 -> Sat, 1 -> Tue, 6 -> Sun, 2 -> Wed, 3 -> Thu, 4 -> Fri)
Map(Thu -> Thu, Sat -> Sat, Tue -> Tue, Sun -> Sun, Mon -> Mon, Wed -> Wed, Fri -> Fri)
0 = Mon
1 = Tue
2 = Wed
3 = Thu
4 = Fri
5 = Sat
6 = Sun
Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun
Fri, Mon, Sat, Sun, Thu, Tue, Wed
Some(Tue)
None
Some(Thu)
None
true

注意，由于List和Maps是不可变的，所以可以轻松地删除元素以创建子集，而不会破坏枚举本身。

下面是Enum类本身(以及其中的EnumVal):

abstract class Enum {

  type Val <: EnumVal

  protected var nextId: Int = 0

  private var values_       =       List[Val]()
  private var valuesById_   = Map[Int   ,Val]()
  private var valuesByName_ = Map[String,Val]()

  def values       = values_
  def valuesById   = valuesById_
  def valuesByName = valuesByName_

  def apply( id  : Int    ) = valuesById  .get(id  )  // Some|None
  def apply( name: String ) = valuesByName.get(name)  // Some|None

  // Base class for enum values; it registers the value with the Enum.
  protected abstract class EnumVal extends Ordered[Val] {
    val theVal = this.asInstanceOf[Val]  // only extend EnumVal to Val
    val id = nextId
    def bumpId { nextId += 1 }
    def compare( that:Val ) = this.id - that.id
    def apply() {
      if ( valuesById_.get(id) != None )
        throw new Exception( "cannot init " + this + " enum value twice" )
      bumpId
      values_ ++= List(theVal)
      valuesById_   += ( id       -> theVal )
      valuesByName_ += ( toString -> theVal )
    }
  }

}

下面是它的一个更高级的使用，它控制id，并将数据/方法添加到Val抽象和枚举本身:

object DayOfWeek extends Enum {

  sealed abstract class Val( val isWeekday:Boolean = true ) extends EnumVal {
    def isWeekend = !isWeekday
    val abbrev = toString take 3
  }
  case object    Monday extends Val;    Monday()
  case object   Tuesday extends Val;   Tuesday()
  case object Wednesday extends Val; Wednesday()
  case object  Thursday extends Val;  Thursday()
  case object    Friday extends Val;    Friday()
  nextId = -2
  case object  Saturday extends Val(false); Saturday()
  case object    Sunday extends Val(false);   Sunday()

  val (weekDays,weekendDays) = values partition (_.isWeekday)
}

Case对象已经为它们的toString方法返回它们的名称，因此单独传入它是不必要的。下面是一个类似于jho的版本(为简洁起见，省略了方便方法):

trait Enum[A] {
  trait Value { self: A => }
  val values: List[A]
}

sealed trait Currency extends Currency.Value
object Currency extends Enum[Currency] {
  case object EUR extends Currency
  case object GBP extends Currency
  val values = List(EUR, GBP)
}

对象是懒惰的;通过使用vals，我们可以删除列表，但必须重复名称:

trait Enum[A <: {def name: String}] {
  trait Value { self: A =>
    _values :+= this
  }
  private var _values = List.empty[A]
  def values = _values
}

sealed abstract class Currency(val name: String) extends Currency.Value
object Currency extends Enum[Currency] {
  val EUR = new Currency("EUR") {}
  val GBP = new Currency("GBP") {}
}

如果不介意作弊，可以使用反射API或谷歌Reflections之类的东西预加载枚举值。非惰性大小写对象提供了最简洁的语法:

trait Enum[A] {
  trait Value { self: A =>
    _values :+= this
  }
  private var _values = List.empty[A]
  def values = _values
}

sealed trait Currency extends Currency.Value
object Currency extends Enum[Currency] {
  case object EUR extends Currency
  case object GBP extends Currency
}

漂亮而干净，具有case类和Java枚举的所有优点。就我个人而言，我在对象之外定义枚举值，以更好地匹配惯用的Scala代码:

object Currency extends Enum[Currency]
sealed trait Currency extends Currency.Value
case object EUR extends Currency
case object GBP extends Currency

我见过让case类模拟枚举的各种版本。以下是我的看法:

trait CaseEnumValue {
    def name:String
}

trait CaseEnum {
    type V <: CaseEnumValue
    def values:List[V]
    def unapply(name:String):Option[String] = {
        if (values.exists(_.name == name)) Some(name) else None
    }
    def unapply(value:V):String = {
        return value.name
    }
    def apply(name:String):Option[V] = {
        values.find(_.name == name)
    }
}

它允许你构造如下所示的case类:

abstract class Currency(override name:String) extends CaseEnumValue {
}

object Currency extends CaseEnum {
    type V = Site
    case object EUR extends Currency("EUR")
    case object GBP extends Currency("GBP")
    var values = List(EUR, GBP)
}

也许有人可以想出一个更好的技巧，而不是像我这样简单地向列表中添加一个each case类。这是我当时所能想到的。