from datetime import datetime
listA = range(10000000)
setA = set(listA)
tupA = tuple(listA)
#Source Code

def calc(data, type):
start = datetime.now()
if data in type:
print ""
end = datetime.now()
print end-start

calc(9999, listA)
calc(9999, tupA)
calc(9999, setA)

比较所有3个迭代10次后的输出: 比较

from datetime import datetime
listA = range(10000000)
setA = set(listA)
tupA = tuple(listA)
#Source Code

def calc(data, type):
start = datetime.now()
if data in type:
print ""
end = datetime.now()
print end-start

calc(9999, listA)
calc(9999, tupA)
calc(9999, setA)

比较所有3个迭代10次后的输出: 比较

设置因近即时“包含”检查而获胜:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table

列表实现:通常是一个数组，低层接近金属，适合迭代和随机访问的元素索引。

Set implementation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table, it does not iterate on a list, but finds the element by computing a hash from the key, so it depends on the nature of the key elements and the hash function. Similar to what is used for dict. I suspect list could be faster if you have very few elements (< 5), the larger element count the better the set will perform for a contains check. It is also fast for element addition and removal. Also always keep in mind that building a set has a cost !

注意:如果列表已经排序，那么在小列表上搜索列表可能会非常快，但是对于更多的数据集，对于包含检查会更快。

集合更快，而且你可以得到更多有集合的函数，比如你有两个集合:

set1 = {"Harry Potter", "James Bond", "Iron Man"}
set2 = {"Captain America", "Black Widow", "Hulk", "Harry Potter", "James Bond"}

我们可以很容易地连接两个集合:

set3 = set1.union(set2)

找出两者的共同点:

set3 = set1.intersection(set2)

找出两者的不同之处:

set3 = set1.difference(set2)

还有更多!试试吧，很有趣的!此外，如果你必须处理两个列表中的不同值或两个列表中的通用值，我更喜欢将列表转换为集合，许多程序员都是这样做的。 希望它能帮助你:-)

与@Ellis Percival的测试相同，我想添加的是，在添加元素时，列表以类似于集合的方式执行。

添加元素

>>> def add_test_set(iterable):
...     for i in range(10000):
...         iterable.add(i)
...
>>> def add_test_list(iterable):
...     for i in range(10000):
...         iterable.append(i)
...
>>> timeit("add_test_set(iterable)",
...     setup="from __main__ import add_test_set; iterable = set()",
...     number=10000)
7.073143866999999
>>> timeit("add_test_list(iterable)",
...     setup="from __main__ import add_test_list; iterable = list()",
...     number=10000)
6.80650725000001

(我本来想编辑他的帖子，但编辑队列已经满了)

当您只想遍历值时，列表比集合略快。

但是，如果您想检查一个项是否包含在集合中，那么集合要比列表快得多。但是它们只能包含独特的项目。

事实证明，元组的执行方式几乎与列表完全相同，除了它们的不可变性。

迭代

>>> def iter_test(iterable):
...     for i in iterable:
...         pass
...
>>> from timeit import timeit
>>> timeit(
...     "iter_test(iterable)",
...     setup="from __main__ import iter_test; iterable = set(range(10000))",
...     number=100000)
12.666952133178711
>>> timeit(
...     "iter_test(iterable)",
...     setup="from __main__ import iter_test; iterable = list(range(10000))",
...     number=100000)
9.917098999023438
>>> timeit(
...     "iter_test(iterable)",
...     setup="from __main__ import iter_test; iterable = tuple(range(10000))",
...     number=100000)
9.865639209747314

确定是否存在一个对象

>>> def in_test(iterable):
...     for i in range(1000):
...         if i in iterable:
...             pass
...
>>> from timeit import timeit
>>> timeit(
...     "in_test(iterable)",
...     setup="from __main__ import in_test; iterable = set(range(1000))",
...     number=10000)
0.5591847896575928
>>> timeit(
...     "in_test(iterable)",
...     setup="from __main__ import in_test; iterable = list(range(1000))",
...     number=10000)
50.18339991569519
>>> timeit(
...     "in_test(iterable)",
...     setup="from __main__ import in_test; iterable = tuple(range(1000))",
...     number=10000)
51.597304821014404