您可以使用CompletionService在期货准备就绪时接收它们，如果其中一个抛出异常，则取消处理。就像这样:

Executor executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
CompletionService<SomeResult> completionService = 
       new ExecutorCompletionService<SomeResult>(executor);

//4 tasks
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
   completionService.submit(new Callable<SomeResult>() {
       public SomeResult call() {
           ...
           return result;
       }
   });
}

int received = 0;
boolean errors = false;

while(received < 4 && !errors) {
      Future<SomeResult> resultFuture = completionService.take(); //blocks if none available
      try {
         SomeResult result = resultFuture.get();
         received ++;
         ... // do something with the result
      }
      catch(Exception e) {
             //log
         errors = true;
      }
}

我认为您可以进一步改进，取消任何仍在执行的任务，如果其中一个抛出错误。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class Stack2 {   
    public static void waitFor(List<Future<?>> futures) {
        List<Future<?>> futureCopies = new ArrayList<Future<?>>(futures);//contains features for which status has not been completed
        while (!futureCopies.isEmpty()) {//worst case :all task worked without exception, then this method should wait for all tasks
            Iterator<Future<?>> futureCopiesIterator = futureCopies.iterator();
            while (futureCopiesIterator.hasNext()) {
                Future<?> future = futureCopiesIterator.next();
                if (future.isDone()) {//already done
                    futureCopiesIterator.remove();
                    try {
                        future.get();// no longer waiting
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        //ignore
                        //only happen when current Thread interrupted
                    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                        Throwable throwable = e.getCause();// real cause of exception
                        futureCopies.forEach(f -> f.cancel(true));//cancel other tasks that not completed
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        Runnable runnable1 = new Runnable (){
            public void run(){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(5000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        };
        Runnable runnable2 = new Runnable (){
            public void run(){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(4000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        };


        Runnable fail = new Runnable (){
            public void run(){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    throw new RuntimeException("bla bla bla");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        };

        List<Future<?>> futures = Stream.of(runnable1,fail,runnable2)
                .map(executorService::submit)
                .collect(Collectors.toList());

        double start = System.nanoTime();
        waitFor(futures);
        double end = (System.nanoTime()-start)/1e9;
        System.out.println(end +" seconds");

    }
}

在Java 8中使用CompletableFuture

    // Kick of multiple, asynchronous lookups
    CompletableFuture<User> page1 = gitHubLookupService.findUser("Test1");
    CompletableFuture<User> page2 = gitHubLookupService.findUser("Test2");
    CompletableFuture<User> page3 = gitHubLookupService.findUser("Test3");

    // Wait until they are all done
    CompletableFuture.allOf(page1,page2,page3).join();

    logger.info("--> " + page1.get());

如果你想合并一个列表的CompletableFutures，你可以这样做:

List<CompletableFuture<Void>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
// ... Add futures to this ArrayList of CompletableFutures

// CompletableFuture.allOf() method demand a variadic arguments
// You can use this syntax to pass a List instead
CompletableFuture<Void> allFutures = CompletableFuture.allOf(
            futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[futures.size()]));

// Wait for all individual CompletableFuture to complete
// All individual CompletableFutures are executed in parallel
allFutures.get();

有关Future和CompletableFuture的更多详细信息，有用的链接: 1. 未来:https://www.baeldung.com/java-future 2. CompletableFuture: https://www.baeldung.com/java-completablefuture 3.CompletableFuture: https://www.callicoder.com/java-8-completablefuture-tutorial/

 /**
     * execute suppliers as future tasks then wait / join for getting results
     * @param functors a supplier(s) to execute
     * @return a list of results
     */
    private List getResultsInFuture(Supplier<?>... functors) {
        CompletableFuture[] futures = stream(functors)
                .map(CompletableFuture::supplyAsync)
                .collect(Collectors.toList())
                .toArray(new CompletableFuture[functors.length]);
        CompletableFuture.allOf(futures).join();
        return stream(futures).map(a-> {
            try {
                return a.get();
            } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
                //logger.error("an error occurred during runtime execution a function",e);
                return null;
            }
        }).collect(Collectors.toList());
    };

如果你正在使用Java 8并且不想操纵CompletableFutures，我已经编写了一个工具来检索List<Future<T>>使用流的结果。关键是禁止在它抛出时映射(Future::get)。

public final class Futures
{

    private Futures()
    {}

    public static <E> Collector<Future<E>, Collection<E>, List<E>> present()
    {
        return new FutureCollector<>();
    }

    private static class FutureCollector<T> implements Collector<Future<T>, Collection<T>, List<T>>
    {
        private final List<Throwable> exceptions = new LinkedList<>();

        @Override
        public Supplier<Collection<T>> supplier()
        {
            return LinkedList::new;
        }

        @Override
        public BiConsumer<Collection<T>, Future<T>> accumulator()
        {
            return (r, f) -> {
                try
                {
                    r.add(f.get());
                }
                catch (InterruptedException e)
                {}
                catch (ExecutionException e)
                {
                    exceptions.add(e.getCause());
                }
            };
        }

        @Override
        public BinaryOperator<Collection<T>> combiner()
        {
            return (l1, l2) -> {
                l1.addAll(l2);
                return l1;
            };
        }

        @Override
        public Function<Collection<T>, List<T>> finisher()
        {
            return l -> {

                List<T> ret = new ArrayList<>(l);
                if (!exceptions.isEmpty())
                    throw new AggregateException(exceptions, ret);

                return ret;
            };

        }

        @Override
        public Set<java.util.stream.Collector.Characteristics> characteristics()
        {
            return java.util.Collections.emptySet();
        }
    }

这需要一个像c#一样工作的AggregateException

public class AggregateException extends RuntimeException
{
    /**
     *
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4477649337710077094L;

    private final List<Throwable> causes;
    private List<?> successfulElements;

    public AggregateException(List<Throwable> causes, List<?> l)
    {
        this.causes = causes;
        successfulElements = l;
    }

    public AggregateException(List<Throwable> causes)
    {
        this.causes = causes;
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized Throwable getCause()
    {
        return this;
    }

    public List<Throwable> getCauses()
    {
        return causes;
    }

    public List<?> getSuccessfulElements()
    {
        return successfulElements;
    }

    public void setSuccessfulElements(List<?> successfulElements)
    {
        this.successfulElements = successfulElements;
    }

}

该组件的作用与c#的Task.WaitAll完全相同。我正在开发一个与CompletableFuture相同的变体。allOf(相当于Task.WhenAll)

我这样做的原因是我正在使用Spring的ListenableFuture，并不想移植到CompletableFuture，尽管这是一种更标准的方式