我有一个包含对象和数组的嵌套数据结构。我如何提取信息,即访问一个特定的或多个值(或键)?
例如:
var data = {
code: 42,
items: [{
id: 1,
name: 'foo'
}, {
id: 2,
name: 'bar'
}]
};
我如何访问项目中的第二个项目的名称?
我有一个包含对象和数组的嵌套数据结构。我如何提取信息,即访问一个特定的或多个值(或键)?
例如:
var data = {
code: 42,
items: [{
id: 1,
name: 'foo'
}, {
id: 2,
name: 'bar'
}]
};
我如何访问项目中的第二个项目的名称?
当前回答
以防万一,有人在2017年或以后访问这个问题,并寻找一种容易记住的方法,这里有一篇关于在JavaScript中访问嵌套对象而不被迷惑的详细博客文章
无法读取未定义错误的属性“foo”
1. Oliver Steele的嵌套对象访问模式
最简单、最干净的方法是使用Oliver Steele的嵌套对象访问模式
const name = ((user || {}).personalInfo || {}).name;
用这个符号,你永远不会碰到
无法读取未定义的属性“名称”。
你基本上检查user是否存在,如果不存在,你立即创建一个空对象。这样,下一层键将始终从一个存在的对象或空对象访问,而不会从undefined访问。
2. 使用数组缩减访问嵌套对象
为了能够访问嵌套数组,您可以编写自己的数组reduce util。
const getNestedObject = (nestedObj, pathArr) => {
return pathArr.reduce((obj, key) =>
(obj && obj[key] !== 'undefined') ? obj[key] : undefined, nestedObj);
}
// pass in your object structure as array elements
const name = getNestedObject(user, ['personalInfo', 'name']);
// to access nested array, just pass in array index as an element the path array.
const city = getNestedObject(user, ['personalInfo', 'addresses', 0, 'city']);
// this will return the city from the first address item.
还有一种出色的类型处理最小库类型可以为您完成所有这些。
其他回答
您可以通过这种方式访问它
data.items[1].name
or
data["items"][1]["name"]
两边相等。
如果你正在寻找一个或多个符合特定条件的对象,你可以使用query-js进行一些选择
//will return all elements with an id larger than 1
data.items.where(function(e){return e.id > 1;});
//will return the first element with an id larger than 1
data.items.first(function(e){return e.id > 1;});
//will return the first element with an id larger than 1
//or the second argument if non are found
data.items.first(function(e){return e.id > 1;},{id:-1,name:""});
还有一个single和一个singleOrDefault,它们的工作类似于firstand firstordefault。唯一的区别是,如果找到了不止一根火柴,他们就会扔。
关于query-js的进一步解释可以从这篇文章开始
如果您试图在JSON字符串中查找路径,可以将数据转储到https://jsonpathfinder.com并单击GUI元素。它将生成元素路径的JS语法。
除此之外,对于您可能想要迭代的任何数组,用循环替换相关的数组偏移下标,如[0]。
这里有一个简单版本的工具,你可以在这里或在https://ggorlen.github.io/json-dive/上运行。单击要将路径复制到剪贴板的节点。
/* code minified to make the tool easier to run without having to scroll */ let bracketsOnly=!1,lastHighlighted={style:{}};const keyToStr=t=>!bracketsOnly&&/^[a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z$_\d]*$/.test(t)?`.${toHTML(t)}`:`["${toHTML(t)}"]`,pathToData=t=>`data-path="data${t.join("")}"`,htmlSpecialChars={"&":"&","<":"<",">":">",'"':""","'":"'","\t":"\\t","\r":"\\r","\n":"\\n"," ":" "},toHTML=t=>(""+t).replace(/[&<>"'\t\r\n ]/g,t=>htmlSpecialChars[t]),makeArray=(t,e)=>`\n [<ul ${pathToData(e)}>\n ${t.map((t,a)=>{e.push(`[${a}]`);const n=`<li ${pathToData(e)}>\n ${pathify(t,e).trim()},\n </li>`;return e.pop(),n}).join("")}\n </ul>]\n`,makeObj=(t,e)=>`\n {<ul ${pathToData(e)}>\n ${Object.entries(t).map(([t,a])=>{e.push(keyToStr(t));const n=`<li ${pathToData(e)}>\n "${toHTML(t)}": ${pathify(a,e).trim()},\n </li>`;return e.pop(),n}).join("")}\n </ul>}\n`,pathify=(t,e=[])=>Array.isArray(t)?makeArray(t,e):"object"==typeof t&&t!=null?makeObj(t,e):toHTML("string"==typeof t?`"${t}"`:t),defaultJSON='{\n "corge": "test JSON... \\n asdf\\t asdf",\n "foo-bar": [\n {"id": 42},\n [42, {"foo": {"baz": {"ba r<>!\\t": true, "4quux": "garply"}}}]\n ]\n}',$=document.querySelector.bind(document),$$=document.querySelectorAll.bind(document),resultEl=$("#result"),pathEl=$("#path"),tryToJSON=t=>{try{resultEl.innerHTML=pathify(JSON.parse(t)),$("#error").innerText=""}catch(t){resultEl.innerHTML="",$("#error").innerText=t}},copyToClipboard=t=>{const e=document.createElement("textarea");e.textContent=t,document.body.appendChild(e),e.select(),document.execCommand("copy"),document.body.removeChild(e)},flashAlert=(t,e=2e3)=>{const a=document.createElement("div");a.textContent=t,a.classList.add("alert"),document.body.appendChild(a),setTimeout(()=>a.remove(),e)},handleClick=t=>{t.stopPropagation(),copyToClipboard(t.target.dataset.path),flashAlert("copied!"),$("#path-out").textContent=t.target.dataset.path},handleMouseOut=t=>{lastHighlighted.style.background="transparent",pathEl.style.display="none"},handleMouseOver=t=>{pathEl.textContent=t.target.dataset.path,pathEl.style.left=`${t.pageX+30}px`,pathEl.style.top=`${t.pageY}px`,pathEl.style.display="block",lastHighlighted.style.background="transparent",(lastHighlighted=t.target.closest("li")).style.background="#0ff"},handleNewJSON=t=>{tryToJSON(t.target.value),[...$$("#result *")].forEach(t=>{t.addEventListener("click",handleClick),t.addEventListener("mouseout",handleMouseOut),t.addEventListener("mouseover",handleMouseOver)})};$("textarea").addEventListener("change",handleNewJSON),$("textarea").addEventListener("keyup",handleNewJSON),$("textarea").value=defaultJSON,$("#brackets").addEventListener("change",t=>{bracketsOnly=!bracketsOnly,handleNewJSON({target:{value:$("textarea").value}})}),handleNewJSON({target:{value:defaultJSON}}); /**/ *{box-sizing:border-box;font-family:monospace;margin:0;padding:0}html{height:100%}#path-out{background-color:#0f0;padding:.3em}body{margin:0;height:100%;position:relative;background:#f8f8f8}textarea{width:100%;height:110px;resize:vertical}#opts{background:#e8e8e8;padding:.3em}#opts label{padding:.3em}#path{background:#000;transition:all 50ms;color:#fff;padding:.2em;position:absolute;display:none}#error{margin:.5em;color:red}#result ul{list-style:none}#result li{cursor:pointer;border-left:1em solid transparent}#result li:hover{border-color:#ff0}.alert{background:#f0f;padding:.2em;position:fixed;bottom:10px;right:10px} <!-- --> <div class="wrapper"><textarea></textarea><div id="opts"><label>brackets only: <input id="brackets"type="checkbox"></label></div><div id="path-out">click a node to copy path to clipboard</div><div id="path"></div><div id="result"></div><div id="error"></div></div>
Unminified(也可以在GitHub上找到):
let bracketsOnly = false; let lastHighlighted = {style: {}}; const keyToStr = k => !bracketsOnly && /^[a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z$_\d]*$/.test(k) ? `.${toHTML(k)}` : `["${toHTML(k)}"]` ; const pathToData = p => `data-path="data${p.join("")}"`; const htmlSpecialChars = { "&": "&", "<": "<", ">": ">", '"': """, "'": "'", "\t": "\\t", "\r": "\\r", "\n": "\\n", " ": " ", }; const toHTML = x => ("" + x) .replace(/[&<>"'\t\r\n ]/g, m => htmlSpecialChars[m]) ; const makeArray = (x, path) => ` [<ul ${pathToData(path)}> ${x.map((e, i) => { path.push(`[${i}]`); const html = `<li ${pathToData(path)}> ${pathify(e, path).trim()}, </li>`; path.pop(); return html; }).join("")} </ul>] `; const makeObj = (x, path) => ` {<ul ${pathToData(path)}> ${Object.entries(x).map(([k, v]) => { path.push(keyToStr(k)); const html = `<li ${pathToData(path)}> "${toHTML(k)}": ${pathify(v, path).trim()}, </li>`; path.pop(); return html; }).join("")} </ul>} `; const pathify = (x, path=[]) => { if (Array.isArray(x)) { return makeArray(x, path); } else if (typeof x === "object" && x !== null) { return makeObj(x, path); } return toHTML(typeof x === "string" ? `"${x}"` : x); }; const defaultJSON = `{ "corge": "test JSON... \\n asdf\\t asdf", "foo-bar": [ {"id": 42}, [42, {"foo": {"baz": {"ba r<>!\\t": true, "4quux": "garply"}}}] ] }`; const $ = document.querySelector.bind(document); const $$ = document.querySelectorAll.bind(document); const resultEl = $("#result"); const pathEl = $("#path"); const tryToJSON = v => { try { resultEl.innerHTML = pathify(JSON.parse(v)); $("#error").innerText = ""; } catch (err) { resultEl.innerHTML = ""; $("#error").innerText = err; } }; const copyToClipboard = text => { const ta = document.createElement("textarea"); ta.textContent = text; document.body.appendChild(ta); ta.select(); document.execCommand("copy"); document.body.removeChild(ta); }; const flashAlert = (text, timeoutMS=2000) => { const alert = document.createElement("div"); alert.textContent = text; alert.classList.add("alert"); document.body.appendChild(alert); setTimeout(() => alert.remove(), timeoutMS); }; const handleClick = e => { e.stopPropagation(); copyToClipboard(e.target.dataset.path); flashAlert("copied!"); $("#path-out").textContent = e.target.dataset.path; }; const handleMouseOut = e => { lastHighlighted.style.background = "transparent"; pathEl.style.display = "none"; }; const handleMouseOver = e => { pathEl.textContent = e.target.dataset.path; pathEl.style.left = `${e.pageX + 30}px`; pathEl.style.top = `${e.pageY}px`; pathEl.style.display = "block"; lastHighlighted.style.background = "transparent"; lastHighlighted = e.target.closest("li"); lastHighlighted.style.background = "#0ff"; }; const handleNewJSON = e => { tryToJSON(e.target.value); [...$$("#result *")].forEach(e => { e.addEventListener("click", handleClick); e.addEventListener("mouseout", handleMouseOut); e.addEventListener("mouseover", handleMouseOver); }); }; $("textarea").addEventListener("change", handleNewJSON); $("textarea").addEventListener("keyup", handleNewJSON); $("textarea").value = defaultJSON; $("#brackets").addEventListener("change", e => { bracketsOnly = !bracketsOnly; handleNewJSON({target: {value: $("textarea").value}}); }); handleNewJSON({target: {value: defaultJSON}}); * { box-sizing: border-box; font-family: monospace; margin: 0; padding: 0; } html { height: 100%; } #path-out { background-color: #0f0; padding: 0.3em; } body { margin: 0; height: 100%; position: relative; background: #f8f8f8; } textarea { width: 100%; height: 110px; resize: vertical; } #opts { background: #e8e8e8; padding: 0.3em; } #opts label { padding: 0.3em; } #path { background: black; transition: all 0.05s; color: white; padding: 0.2em; position: absolute; display: none; } #error { margin: 0.5em; color: red; } #result ul { list-style: none; } #result li { cursor: pointer; border-left: 1em solid transparent; } #result li:hover { border-color: #ff0; } .alert { background: #f0f; padding: 0.2em; position: fixed; bottom: 10px; right: 10px; } <div class="wrapper"> <textarea></textarea> <div id="opts"> <label> brackets only: <input id="brackets" type="checkbox"> </label> </div> <div id="path-out">click a node to copy path to clipboard</div> <div id="path"></div> <div id="result"></div> <div id="error"></div> </div>
这并不是为了代替学习如何钓鱼,但一旦你知道了,可以节省时间。
// const path = 'info.value[0].item'
// const obj = { info: { value: [ { item: 'it works!' } ], randominfo: 3 } }
// getValue(path, obj)
export const getValue = ( path , obj) => {
const newPath = path.replace(/\]/g, "")
const arrayPath = newPath.split(/[\[\.]+/) || newPath;
const final = arrayPath.reduce( (obj, k) => obj ? obj[k] : obj, obj)
return final;
}
我就是这么做的。
let groups = [
{
id:1,
title:"Group 1",
members:[
{
id:1,
name:"Aftab",
battry:'10%'
},
{
id:2,
name:"Jamal",
},
{
id:3,
name:"Hamid",
},
{
id:4,
name:"Aqeel",
},
]
},
{
id:2,
title:"Group 2",
members:[
{
id:1,
name:"Aftab",
battry:'10%'
},
{
id:2,
name:"Jamal",
battry:'10%'
},
{
id:3,
name:"Hamid",
},
]
},
{
id:3,
title:"Group 3",
members:[
{
id:1,
name:"Aftab",
battry:'10%'
},
{
id:3,
name:"Hamid",
},
{
id:4,
name:"Aqeel",
},
]
}
]
groups.map((item) => {
// if(item.id == 2){
item.members.map((element) => {
if(element.id == 1){
element.battry="20%"
}
})
//}
})
groups.forEach((item) => {
item.members.forEach((item) => {
console.log(item)
})
})