在我的开发盒上有这种限制是非常令人讨厌的，因为除了我之外再也没有其他用户了。
我知道一些标准的变通办法，但没有一个能完全满足我的要求:
authbind (Debian测试中的版本，1.0，仅支持IPv4) 使用iptables REDIRECT目标将低端口重定向到高端口(iptables的IPv6版本ip6tables尚未实现“nat”表) sudo(作为根是我试图避免的) SELinux(或类似的)。(这只是我的开发框，我不想引入很多额外的复杂性。)
是否有一些简单的sysctl变量允许非根进程绑定到Linux上的“特权”端口(端口小于1024)，或者我只是运气不好?
编辑:在某些情况下，您可以使用功能来做到这一点。
当前回答
将8080端口绑定为80端口，开放80端口:
sudo iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -o lo -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
然后以普通用户身份在8080端口上运行程序。
然后，您将能够在端口80上访问http://127.0.0.1
其他回答
使用privbind实用程序:它允许非特权应用程序绑定到预留端口。
出于某种原因，没有人提到降低sysctl net.ipv4。Ip_unprivileged_port_start到您需要的值。 示例:我们需要将应用程序绑定到443端口。
sysctl net.ipv4.ip_unprivileged_port_start=443
有些人可能会说，存在潜在的安全问题:非特权用户现在可能绑定到其他特权端口(444-1024)。 但是你可以用iptables通过阻塞其他端口轻松解决这个问题:
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 444:1024 -j DROP
iptables -I INPUT -p udp --dport 444:1024 -j DROP
与其他方法的比较。这个方法:
from some point is (IMO) even more secure than setting CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE/setuid, since an application doesn't setuid at all, even partly (capabilities actually are). For example, to catch a coredump of capability-enabled application you will need to change sysctl fs.suid_dumpable (which leads to another potential security problems) Also, when CAP/suid is set, /proc/PID directory is owned by root, so your non-root user will not have full information/control of running process, for example, user will not be able (in common case) to determine which connections belong to application via /proc/PID/fd/ (netstat -aptn | grep PID). has security disadvantage: while your app (or any app that uses ports 443-1024) is down for some reason, another app could take the port. But this problem could also be applied to CAP/suid (in case you set it on interpreter, e.g. java/nodejs) and iptables-redirect. Use systemd-socket method to exclude this problem. Use authbind method to only allow special user binding. doesn't require setting CAP/suid every time you deploy new version of application. doesn't require application support/modification, like systemd-socket method. doesn't require kernel rebuild (if running version supports this sysctl setting) doesn't do LD_PRELOAD like authbind/privbind method, this could potentially affect performance, security, behavior (does it? haven't tested). In the rest authbind is really flexible and secure method. over-performs iptables REDIRECT/DNAT method, since it doesn't require address translation, connection state tracking, etc. This only noticeable on high-load systems.
根据具体情况，我将在sysctl、CAP、authbind和iptables-redirect之间进行选择。我们有这么多选择真是太好了。
我的“标准解决方案”使用socat作为用户空间重定向器:
socat tcp6-listen:80,fork tcp6:8080
注意，这不会扩展，分叉是昂贵的，但这是socat工作的方式。
Systemd是一个sysvinit的替代品，它有一个选项来启动具有特定功能的守护进程。Options Capabilities=， CapabilityBoundingSet= in system .exec(5) manpage。
在启动时:
iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080
然后可以绑定到您转发的端口。
