您可以使用字典来实现这一点。字典是键和值的存储。

>>> dct = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}
>>> dct
{'y': 2, 'x': 1, 'z': 3}
>>> dct["y"]
2

可以使用可变键名实现可变变量的效果，而不存在安全风险。

>>> x = "spam"
>>> z = {x: "eggs"}
>>> z["spam"]
'eggs'

如果你想做些什么

var1 = 'foo'
var2 = 'bar'
var3 = 'baz'
...

清单可能比字典更合适。list表示对象的有序序列，索引为整数:

lst = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
print(lst[1])           # prints bar, because indices start at 0
lst.append('potatoes')  # lst is now ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'potatoes']

对于有序序列，列表比使用整数键的字典更方便，因为列表支持索引顺序迭代、切片、追加和其他需要使用字典进行笨拙的键管理的操作。

您可以使用字典来实现这一点。字典是键和值的存储。

>>> dct = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}
>>> dct
{'y': 2, 'x': 1, 'z': 3}
>>> dct["y"]
2

可以使用可变键名实现可变变量的效果，而不存在安全风险。

>>> x = "spam"
>>> z = {x: "eggs"}
>>> z["spam"]
'eggs'

如果你想做些什么

var1 = 'foo'
var2 = 'bar'
var3 = 'baz'
...

清单可能比字典更合适。list表示对象的有序序列，索引为整数:

lst = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
print(lst[1])           # prints bar, because indices start at 0
lst.append('potatoes')  # lst is now ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'potatoes']

对于有序序列，列表比使用整数键的字典更方便，因为列表支持索引顺序迭代、切片、追加和其他需要使用字典进行笨拙的键管理的操作。

Python中的变量

"""
<?php
$a = 'hello';
$e = 'wow'
?>
<?php
$$a = 'world';
?>
<?php
echo "$a ${$a}\n";
echo "$a ${$a[1]}\n";
?>
<?php
echo "$a $hello";
?>
"""

a = 'hello'  #<?php $a = 'hello'; ?>
e = 'wow'   #<?php $e = 'wow'; ?>
vars()[a] = 'world' #<?php $$a = 'world'; ?>
print(a, vars()[a]) #<?php echo "$a ${$a}\n"; ?>
print(a, vars()[vars()['a'][1]]) #<?php echo "$a ${$a[1]}\n"; ?>
print(a, hello) #<?php echo "$a $hello"; ?>

输出:

hello world
hello wow
hello world

使用globals()、locals()或vars()将产生相同的结果

#<?php $a = 'hello'; ?>
#<?php $e = 'wow'; ?>
#<?php $$a = 'world'; ?>
#<?php echo "$a ${$a}\n"; ?>
#<?php echo "$a ${$a[1]}\n"; ?>
#<?php echo "$a $hello"; ?>

print('locals():\n')
a = 'hello'
e = 'wow'
locals()[a] = 'world'
print(a, locals()[a])
print(a, locals()[locals()['a'][1]])
print(a, hello)

print('\n\nglobals():\n')
a = 'hello'
e = 'wow'
globals()[a] = 'world'
print(a, globals()[a])
print(a, globals()[globals()['a'][1]])
print(a, hello)

输出:

locals():

hello world
hello wow
hello world


globals():

hello world
hello wow
hello world

奖励(从字符串创建变量)

# Python 2.7.16 (default, Jul 13 2019, 16:01:51)
# [GCC 8.3.0] on linux2

创建变量并解包元组:

g = globals()
listB = []
for i in range(10):
    g["num%s" % i] = i ** 10
    listB.append("num{0}".format(i))

def printNum():
    print "Printing num0 to num9:"
    for i in range(10):
        print "num%s = " % i, 
        print g["num%s" % i]

printNum()

listA = []
for i in range(10):
    listA.append(i)

listA = tuple(listA)
print listA, '"Tuple to unpack"'

listB = str(str(listB).strip("[]").replace("'", "") + " = listA")

print listB

exec listB

printNum()

输出:

Printing num0 to num9:
num0 =  0
num1 =  1
num2 =  1024
num3 =  59049
num4 =  1048576
num5 =  9765625
num6 =  60466176
num7 =  282475249
num8 =  1073741824
num9 =  3486784401
(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) "Tuple to unpack"
num0, num1, num2, num3, num4, num5, num6, num7, num8, num9 = listA
Printing num0 to num9:
num0 =  0
num1 =  1
num2 =  2
num3 =  3
num4 =  4
num5 =  5
num6 =  6
num7 =  7
num8 =  8
num9 =  9

如果你不想使用任何对象，你仍然可以在当前模块中使用setattr():

import sys
current_module = module = sys.modules[__name__]  # i.e the "file" where your code is written
setattr(current_module, 'variable_name', 15)  # 15 is the value you assign to the var
print(variable_name)  # >>> 15, created from a string

我回答的问题如何得到一个变量的值给定它的名字在一个字符串? 这是一个带有问题链接的副本。(编者注:它现在被关闭为“如何通过(字符串)名称选择变量?”的副本?)

如果所讨论的变量是对象的一部分(例如类的一部分)，则可以使用hasattr、getattr和setattr函数来实现这一点。

例如，你可以有:

class Variables(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.foo = "initial_variable"

    def create_new_var(self, name, value):
        setattr(self, name, value)

    def get_var(self, name):
        if hasattr(self, name):
            return getattr(self, name)
        else:
            raise "Class does not have a variable named: " + name

然后你可以这样做:

>>> v = Variables()
>>> v.get_var("foo")
'initial_variable'

>>> v.create_new_var(v.foo, "is actually not initial")
>>> v.initial_variable
'is actually not initial'

这应该是非常危险的…… 但是你可以使用exec():

a = 'b=5'
exec(a)
c = b*2
print (c)

结果: 10