我回答的问题如何得到一个变量的值给定它的名字在一个字符串? 这是一个带有问题链接的副本。(编者注:它现在被关闭为“如何通过(字符串)名称选择变量?”的副本?)

如果所讨论的变量是对象的一部分(例如类的一部分)，则可以使用hasattr、getattr和setattr函数来实现这一点。

例如，你可以有:

class Variables(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.foo = "initial_variable"

    def create_new_var(self, name, value):
        setattr(self, name, value)

    def get_var(self, name):
        if hasattr(self, name):
            return getattr(self, name)
        else:
            raise "Class does not have a variable named: " + name

然后你可以这样做:

>>> v = Variables()
>>> v.get_var("foo")
'initial_variable'

>>> v.create_new_var(v.foo, "is actually not initial")
>>> v.initial_variable
'is actually not initial'

如果你不想使用任何对象，你仍然可以在当前模块中使用setattr():

import sys
current_module = module = sys.modules[__name__]  # i.e the "file" where your code is written
setattr(current_module, 'variable_name', 15)  # 15 is the value you assign to the var
print(variable_name)  # >>> 15, created from a string

我已经尝试了python 3.7.3，你可以使用globals()或vars()

>>> food #Error
>>> milkshake #Error
>>> food="bread"
>>> drink="milkshake"
>>> globals()[food] = "strawberry flavor"
>>> vars()[drink] = "chocolate flavor"
>>> bread
'strawberry flavor'
>>> milkshake
'chocolate flavor'
>>> globals()[drink]
'chocolate flavor'
>>> vars()[food]
'strawberry flavor'

参考: https://www.daniweb.com/programming/software-development/threads/111526/setting-a-string-as-a-variable-name#post548936

你必须使用globals()内置方法来实现这种行为:

def var_of_var(k, v):
    globals()[k] = v

print variable_name # NameError: name 'variable_name' is not defined
some_name = 'variable_name'
globals()[some_name] = 123
print(variable_name) # 123

some_name = 'variable_name2'
var_of_var(some_name, 456)
print(variable_name2) # 456

使用内置的getattr函数按名称获取对象的属性。根据需要修改名称。

obj.spam = 'eggs'
name = 'spam'
getattr(obj, name)  # returns 'eggs'

您也可以使用collections模块中的namedtuple来代替字典，这使得访问更容易。

例如:

# using dictionary
variables = {}
variables["first"] = 34
variables["second"] = 45
print(variables["first"], variables["second"])

# using namedtuple
Variables = namedtuple('Variables', ['first', 'second'])
v = Variables(34, 45)
print(v.first, v.second)