它提供汇总数据而不进行汇总

例如，假设我想返回销售区域的相对位置

使用PARTITION BY，我可以返回给定区域的销售额和同一行中所有销售区域的最大销售额。

这确实意味着您将有重复的数据，但它可能适合最终消费者，因为数据已经聚合，但没有数据丢失——就像GROUP BY的情况一样。

分区的 将结果集划分为多个分区。窗口函数分别应用于每个分区，并为每个分区重新启动计算。

在此链接找到:OVER子句

分区并不会实际卷起数据。它允许您在每个组的基础上重置一些东西。例如，通过对分组字段进行分区并对组中的行使用rownum()，可以获得组中的序数列。这使您的行为有点像在每个组的开头重置的标识列。

-- BELOW IS A SAMPLE WHICH OUTLINES THE SIMPLE DIFFERENCES
-- READ IT AND THEN EXECUTE IT
-- THERE ARE THREE ROWS OF EACH COLOR INSERTED INTO THE TABLE
-- CREATE A database called testDB


-- use testDB
USE [TestDB]
GO


-- create Paints table
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Paints](
    [Color] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [glossLevel] [varchar](50) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO


-- Populate Table
insert into paints (color, glossLevel)
select 'red', 'eggshell'
union
select 'red', 'glossy'
union
select 'red', 'flat'
union
select 'blue', 'eggshell'
union
select 'blue', 'glossy'
union
select 'blue', 'flat'
union
select 'orange', 'glossy'
union
select 'orange', 'flat'
union
select 'orange', 'eggshell'
union
select 'green', 'eggshell'
union
select 'green', 'glossy'
union
select 'green', 'flat'
union
select 'black', 'eggshell'
union
select 'black', 'glossy'
union
select 'black', 'flat'
union
select 'purple', 'eggshell'
union
select 'purple', 'glossy'
union
select 'purple', 'flat'
union
select 'salmon', 'eggshell'
union
select 'salmon', 'glossy'
union
select 'salmon', 'flat'


/*   COMPARE 'GROUP BY' color to 'OVER (PARTITION BY Color)'  */

-- GROUP BY Color 
-- row quantity defined by group by
-- aggregate (count(*)) defined by group by
select count(*) from paints
group by color

-- OVER (PARTITION BY... Color 
-- row quantity defined by main query
-- aggregate defined by OVER-PARTITION BY
select color
, glossLevel
, count(*) OVER (Partition by color)
from paints

/* COMPARE 'GROUP BY' color, glossLevel to 'OVER (PARTITION BY Color, GlossLevel)'  */

-- GROUP BY Color, GlossLevel
-- row quantity defined by GROUP BY
-- aggregate (count(*)) defined by GROUP BY
select count(*) from paints
group by color, glossLevel



-- Partition by Color, GlossLevel
-- row quantity defined by main query
-- aggregate (count(*)) defined by OVER-PARTITION BY
select color
, glossLevel
, count(*) OVER (Partition by color, glossLevel)
from paints

小的观察。使用“partition by”动态生成SQL的自动化机制相对于“group by”要简单得多。对于“group by”，我们必须注意“select”列的内容。

对不起，我的英语不好。

假设我们在表中有14条name列的记录

在小组由

select name,count(*) as totalcount from person where name='Please fill out' group BY name;

它将给出单行计数，即14

但是在除以

select row_number() over (partition by name) as total from person where name = 'Please fill out';

它将增加14行计数