如果您希望在生产代码中使用断言(即发布构建)，您可以使用Trace。Assert而不是Debug.Assert。

这当然会增加生产可执行文件的开销。

此外，如果您的应用程序在用户界面模式下运行，则默认情况下将显示断言对话框，这可能会让您的用户感到不安。

您可以通过删除DefaultTraceListener来覆盖这种行为:查看Trace的文档。MSDN中的侦听器。

总之,

使用调试。自由断言，以帮助在调试版本中捕获错误。 如果你使用Trace。在用户界面模式下断言，您可能希望删除DefaultTraceListener以避免让用户感到不安。 如果你测试的条件是你的应用程序无法处理的，你可能最好抛出一个异常，以确保执行不会继续。请注意，用户可以选择忽略断言。

将Debug.Assert()放在代码中任何需要进行完整性检查以确保不变量的地方。当编译Release版本时(即没有DEBUG编译器常量)，对DEBUG . assert()的调用将被删除，因此它们不会影响性能。

在调用Debug.Assert()之前仍然应该抛出异常。断言只是确保在开发过程中一切都如预期的那样。

我不知道它在c#和。net中是怎样的，但在C中assert()只在使用- ddebug编译时工作-如果没有编译，最终用户将永远不会看到assert()。仅供开发人员使用。我经常使用它，它有时更容易跟踪错误。

摘自Code Complete (Wikipedia):

8 Defensive Programming 8.2 Assertions An assertion is code that’s used during development—usually a routine or macro—that allows a program to check itself as it runs. When an assertion is true, that means everything is operating as expected. When it’s false, that means it has detected an unexpected error in the code. For example, if the system assumes that a customer-information file will never have more than 50,000 records, the program might contain an assertion that the number of records is lessthan or equal to 50,000. As long as the number of records is less than or equal to 50,000, the assertion will be silent. If it encounters more than 50,000 records, however, it will loudly “assert” that there is an error in the program. Assertions are especially useful in large, complicated programs and in high reliability programs. They enable programmers to more quickly flush out mismatched interface assumptions, errors that creep in when code is modified, and so on. An assertion usually takes two arguments: a boolean expression that describes the assumption that’s supposed to be true and a message to display if it isn’t. (…) Normally, you don’t want users to see assertion messages in production code; assertions are primarily for use during development and maintenance. Assertions are normally compiled into the code at development time and compiled out of the code for production. During development, assertions flush out contradictory assumptions, unexpected conditions, bad values passed to routines, and so on. During production, they are compiled out of the code so that the assertions don’t degrade system performance.

我不会在产品代码中使用它们。抛出异常，捕获和记录。

在asp.net中也需要小心，因为断言可以显示在控制台上并冻结请求。

您应该始终使用第二种方法(抛出异常)。

同样，如果你是在生产环境中(并且有一个发布版本)，抛出一个异常(在最坏的情况下让应用程序崩溃)比处理无效值和可能破坏客户数据(这可能要花费数千美元)要好。