一种方法是使用sys.argv。这将打印脚本名称作为第一个参数以及传递给它的所有其他参数。

import sys

for arg in sys.argv:
    print arg

只是四处宣传argparse，因为这些原因它更好。从本质上讲:

(从链接复制)

argparse module can handle positional and optional arguments, while optparse can handle only optional arguments argparse isn’t dogmatic about what your command line interface should look like - options like -file or /file are supported, as are required options. Optparse refuses to support these features, preferring purity over practicality argparse produces more informative usage messages, including command-line usage determined from your arguments, and help messages for both positional and optional arguments. The optparse module requires you to write your own usage string, and has no way to display help for positional arguments. argparse supports action that consume a variable number of command-line args, while optparse requires that the exact number of arguments (e.g. 1, 2, or 3) be known in advance argparse supports parsers that dispatch to sub-commands, while optparse requires setting allow_interspersed_args and doing the parser dispatch manually

我个人最喜欢的是:

Argparse允许类型和 add_argument()的操作参数 用simple指定 调用对象，而optparse需要 破解类属性，比如 获取STORE_ACTIONS或CHECK_METHODS 正确的参数检查

同样在python3中，你可能会发现使用Extended Iterable Unpacking来处理可选的位置参数很方便，没有额外的依赖关系:

try:
   _, arg1, arg2, arg3, *_ = sys.argv + [None] * 2
except ValueError:
   print("Not enough arguments", file=sys.stderr) # unhandled exception traceback is meaningful enough also
   exit(-1)

上面的argv解包使arg2和arg3成为“可选的”——如果在argv中没有指定它们，它们将是None，而如果没有指定第一个，ValueError将被解析:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 3, in <module>
    _, arg1, arg2, arg3, *_ = sys.argv + [None] * 2
ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected at least 4, got 3)

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process some integers.')
parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+',
                   help='an integer for the accumulator')
parser.add_argument('--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const',
                   const=sum, default=max,
                   help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')

args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.accumulate(args.integers))

Assuming the Python code above is saved into a file called prog.py
$ python prog.py -h

Ref-link: https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/argparse.html

import sys

# Command line arguments are stored into sys.argv
# print(sys.argv[1:])

# I used the slice [1:] to print all the elements except the first
# This because the first element of sys.argv is the program name
# So the first argument is sys.argv[1], the second is sys.argv[2] ecc

print("File name: " + sys.argv[0])
print("Arguments:")
for i in sys.argv[1:]:
    print(i)

让我们把这个文件命名为command_line.py，然后运行它:

C:\Users\simone> python command_line.py arg1 arg2 arg3 ecc
File name: command_line.py
Arguments:
arg1
arg2
arg3
ecc

现在让我们写一个简单的程序sum.py:

import sys

try:
    print(sum(map(float, sys.argv[1:])))
except:
    print("An error has occurred")

结果:

C:\Users\simone> python sum.py 10 4 6 3
23

标准库中的规范解决方案是argparse (docs):

这里有一个例子:

from argparse import ArgumentParser

parser = ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("-f", "--file", dest="filename",
                    help="write report to FILE", metavar="FILE")
parser.add_argument("-q", "--quiet",
                    action="store_false", dest="verbose", default=True,
                    help="don't print status messages to stdout")

args = parser.parse_args()

Argparse支持(除其他外):

任意顺序的多个选项。 选择做空和做多。 默认值。 生成使用帮助消息。