注意:这个答案实际上属于问题如何直接初始化一个HashMap(在字面上)?但由于在写这篇文章时，它被标记为这篇文章的副本……

在Java 9的Map.of()之前(它也被限制为10个映射)，你可以扩展你选择的Map实现，例如:

public class InitHashMap<K, V> extends HashMap<K, V>

重新实现HashMap的构造函数:

public InitHashMap() {
    super();
}

public InitHashMap( int initialCapacity, float loadFactor ) {
    super( initialCapacity, loadFactor );
}

public InitHashMap( int initialCapacity ) {
    super( initialCapacity );
}

public InitHashMap( Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map ) {
    super( map );
}

并添加一个额外的构造函数，它受到Aerthel的答案的启发，但通过使用Object…和<K, V>类型:

public InitHashMap( final Object... keyValuePairs ) {

    if ( keyValuePairs.length % 2 != 0 )
        throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Uneven number of arguments." );

    K key = null;
    int i = -1;

    for ( final Object keyOrValue : keyValuePairs )
        switch ( ++i % 2 ) {
            case 0:  // key
                if ( keyOrValue == null )
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Key[" + (i >>> 1) + "] is <null>." );
                key = (K) keyOrValue;
                continue;
            case 1:  // value
                put( key, (V) keyOrValue );
        }
}

Run

public static void main( final String[] args ) {

    final Map<Integer, String> map = new InitHashMap<>( 1, "First", 2, "Second", 3, "Third" );
    System.out.println( map );
}

输出

{1=First, 2=Second, 3=Third}

你也可以扩展Map接口:

public interface InitMap<K, V> extends Map<K, V> {

    static <K, V> Map<K, V> of( final Object... keyValuePairs ) {

        if ( keyValuePairs.length % 2 != 0 )
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Uneven number of arguments." );

        final Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<>( keyValuePairs.length >>> 1, .75f );
        K key = null;
        int i = -1;

        for ( final Object keyOrValue : keyValuePairs )
            switch ( ++i % 2 ) {
                case 0: // key
                    if ( keyOrValue == null )
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Key[" + (i >>> 1) + "] is <null>." );
                    key = (K) keyOrValue;
                    continue;
                case 1: // value
                    map.put( key, (V) keyOrValue );
            }
        return map;
    }
}

Run

public static void main( final String[] args ) {

    System.out.println( InitMap.of( 1, "First", 2, "Second", 3, "Third" ) );
}

输出

{1=First, 2=Second, 3=Third}

这一个使用Apache common -lang，它很可能已经在你的类路径上了:

Map<String, String> collect = Stream.of(
        Pair.of("hello", "world"),
        Pair.of("abc", "123"),
        Pair.of("java", "eight")
).collect(Collectors.toMap(Pair::getKey, Pair::getValue));

使用Eclipse Collections，以下所有功能都可以工作:

import java.util.Map;

import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.ImmutableMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.MutableMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.impl.factory.Maps;

public class StaticMapsTest
{
    private static final Map<Integer, String> MAP =
        Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two");

    private static final MutableMap<Integer, String> MUTABLE_MAP =
       Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two");


    private static final MutableMap<Integer, String> UNMODIFIABLE_MAP =
        Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two").asUnmodifiable();


    private static final MutableMap<Integer, String> SYNCHRONIZED_MAP =
        Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two").asSynchronized();


    private static final ImmutableMap<Integer, String> IMMUTABLE_MAP =
        Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two").toImmutable();


    private static final ImmutableMap<Integer, String> IMMUTABLE_MAP2 =
        Maps.immutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two");
}

您还可以使用Eclipse Collections静态地初始化原始映射。

import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.primitive.ImmutableIntObjectMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.primitive.MutableIntObjectMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.impl.factory.primitive.IntObjectMaps;

public class StaticPrimitiveMapsTest
{
    private static final MutableIntObjectMap<String> MUTABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP =
            IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
                    .withKeyValue(1, "one")
                    .withKeyValue(2, "two");

    private static final MutableIntObjectMap<String> UNMODIFIABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP =
            IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
                    .withKeyValue(1, "one")
                    .withKeyValue(2, "two")
                    .asUnmodifiable();

    private static final MutableIntObjectMap<String> SYNCHRONIZED_INT_OBJ_MAP =
            IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
                    .withKeyValue(1, "one")
                    .withKeyValue(2, "two")
                    .asSynchronized();

    private static final ImmutableIntObjectMap<String> IMMUTABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP =
            IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
                    .withKeyValue(1, "one")
                    .withKeyValue(2, "two")
                    .toImmutable();

    private static final ImmutableIntObjectMap<String> IMMUTABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP2 =
            IntObjectMaps.immutable.<String>empty()
                    .newWithKeyValue(1, "one")
                    .newWithKeyValue(2, "two");
} 

注意:我是Eclipse Collections的提交者

实例初始化器在这里只是语法糖，对吧?我不明白为什么需要一个额外的匿名类来初始化。如果创建的类是final类，那么它将不起作用。

你也可以使用静态初始化器创建一个不可变映射:

public class Test {
    private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap;
    static {
        Map<Integer, String> aMap = ....;
        aMap.put(1, "one");
        aMap.put(2, "two");
        myMap = Collections.unmodifiableMap(aMap);
    }
}

地图。Java 9+中的

private static final Map<Integer, String> MY_MAP = Map.of(1, "one", 2, "two");

详见JEP 269。JDK 9在2017年9月全面上市。

现在Java 8已经发布了，这个问题值得重新审视。我尝试了一下——看起来也许你可以利用lambda表达式语法来获得一个非常漂亮和简洁(但类型安全)的映射文字语法，看起来像这样:

Map<String,Object> myMap = hashMap(
    bob -> 5,
    TheGimp -> 8,
    incredibleKoolAid -> "James Taylor",
    heyArnold -> new Date()
);

Map<String,Integer> typesafeMap = treeMap(
    a -> 5,
    bee -> 8,
    sea -> 13
    deep -> 21
);

未经测试的示例代码在https://gist.github.com/galdosd/10823529 会对其他人对此的看法感到好奇(这有点邪恶…)