我喜欢使用静态初始化“技术”，当我有一个抽象类的具体实现，它定义了一个初始化构造函数，但没有默认构造函数，但我希望我的子类有一个默认构造函数。

例如:

public abstract class Shape {

    public static final String COLOR_KEY = "color_key";
    public static final String OPAQUE_KEY = "opaque_key";

    private final String color;
    private final Boolean opaque;

    /**
     * Initializing constructor - note no default constructor.
     *
     * @param properties a collection of Shape properties
     */
    public Shape(Map<String, Object> properties) {
        color = ((String) properties.getOrDefault(COLOR_KEY, "black"));
        opaque = (Boolean) properties.getOrDefault(OPAQUE_KEY, false);
    }

    /**
     * Color property accessor method.
     *
     * @return the color of this Shape
     */
    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }

    /**
     * Opaque property accessor method.
     *
     * @return true if this Shape is opaque, false otherwise
     */
    public Boolean isOpaque() {
        return opaque;
    }
}

以及这个类的具体实现——但它想要/需要一个默认构造函数:

public class SquareShapeImpl extends Shape {

    private static final Map<String, Object> DEFAULT_PROPS = new HashMap<>();

    static {
        DEFAULT_PROPS.put(Shape.COLOR_KEY, "yellow");
        DEFAULT_PROPS.put(Shape.OPAQUE_KEY, false);
    }

    /**
     * Default constructor -- intializes this square to be a translucent yellow
     */
    public SquareShapeImpl() {
        // the static initializer was useful here because the call to 
        // this(...) must be the first statement in this constructor
        // i.e., we can't be mucking around and creating a map here
        this(DEFAULT_PROPS);
    }

    /**
     * Initializing constructor -- create a Square with the given
     * collection of properties.
     *
     * @param props a collection of properties for this SquareShapeImpl
     */
    public SquareShapeImpl(Map<String, Object> props) {
        super(props);
    }
}

然后要使用这个默认构造函数，只需执行以下操作:

public class StaticInitDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // create a translucent, yellow square...
        Shape defaultSquare = new SquareShapeImpl();

        // etc...
    }
}

下面是一个Java 8单行静态映射初始化器:

private static final Map<String, String> EXTENSION_TO_MIMETYPE =
    Arrays.stream(new String[][] {
        { "txt", "text/plain" }, 
        { "html", "text/html" }, 
        { "js", "application/javascript" },
        { "css", "text/css" },
        { "xml", "application/xml" },
        { "png", "image/png" }, 
        { "gif", "image/gif" }, 
        { "jpg", "image/jpeg" },
        { "jpeg", "image/jpeg" }, 
        { "svg", "image/svg+xml" },
    }).collect(Collectors.toMap(kv -> kv[0], kv -> kv[1]));

编辑:要初始化一个Map<Integer, String>，就像问题中那样，你需要这样的东西:

static final Map<Integer, String> MY_MAP = Arrays.stream(new Object[][]{
        {1, "one"},
        {2, "two"},
}).collect(Collectors.toMap(kv -> (Integer) kv[0], kv -> (String) kv[1]));

编辑(2):i_am_zero有一个更好的、支持混合类型的版本，它使用新的SimpleEntry<>(k, v)调用流。看看答案:https://stackoverflow.com/a/37384773/3950982

第二个方法的一个优点是，你可以用Collections.unmodifiableMap()来包装它，以确保以后不会更新集合:

private static final Map<Integer, String> CONSTANT_MAP = 
    Collections.unmodifiableMap(new HashMap<Integer, String>() {{ 
        put(1, "one");
        put(2, "two");
    }});

 // later on...

 CONSTANT_MAP.put(3, "three"); // going to throw an exception!

如果你只需要向映射中添加一个值，你可以使用Collections.singletonMap:

Map<K, V> map = Collections.singletonMap(key, value)

第二个方法可以在需要时调用受保护的方法。这对于初始化构造后不可变的类很有用。

和往常一样，apache-commons有合适的方法MapUtils。putAll(地图、对象[]):

例如，要创建一个彩色地图:

Map<String, String> colorMap = MapUtils.putAll(new HashMap<String, String>(), new String[][] {
     {"RED", "#FF0000"},
     {"GREEN", "#00FF00"},
     {"BLUE", "#0000FF"}
 });