根据我的理解,当我在工厂中返回一个被注入到控制器的对象。当在服务中,我使用这个处理对象,不返回任何东西。

我假设服务总是单例的,并且每个控制器中都会注入一个新的工厂对象。然而,正如事实证明的那样,工厂对象也是单例的吗?

演示的示例代码:

var factories = angular.module('app.factories', []);
var app = angular.module('app',  ['ngResource', 'app.factories']);

factories.factory('User', function () {
  return {
    first: 'John',
    last: 'Doe'
  };
});

app.controller('ACtrl', function($scope, User) {
  $scope.user = User;
});

app.controller('BCtrl', function($scope, User) {
  $scope.user = User;
});

更改用户时。首先在ACtrl中,结果是那个用户。BCtrl中的first也改变了,例如User is a singleton?

我的假设是一个新的实例被注入到一个带有工厂的控制器中?


当前回答

我是这样理解它们在设计模式上的区别的:

Service:返回一个类型,该类型将被更新以创建该类型的对象。如果使用Java类比,则Service返回Java类定义。

Factory:返回一个可以立即使用的具体对象。在Java类比中,工厂返回一个Java对象。

经常让人(包括我自己)困惑的部分是,当你在代码中注入Service或Factory时,它们可以以相同的方式使用,在这两种情况下,你在代码中得到的是一个可以立即调用的具体对象。这意味着在服务的情况下,angular会代表你在服务声明中调用“new”。我认为这是一个复杂的概念。

其他回答

补充第一个答案,我认为.service()适合那些以更面向对象的风格(c# /Java)编写代码的人(使用这个关键字并通过prototype/Constructor函数实例化对象)。

Factory是为那些编写更自然的javascript/函数式代码的开发人员准备的。

看看angular.js中.service和.factory方法的源代码——在内部它们都调用provider方法:

  function provider(name, provider_) {
    if (isFunction(provider_)) {
      provider_ = providerInjector.instantiate(provider_);
    }
    if (!provider_.$get) {
      throw Error('Provider ' + name + ' must define $get factory method.');
    }
    return providerCache[name + providerSuffix] = provider_;
  }

  function factory(name, factoryFn) { \
    return provider(name, { $get: factoryFn }); 
  }

  function service(name, constructor) {
    return factory(name, ['$injector', function($injector) {
      return $injector.instantiate(constructor);
    }]);
  }

服务样式:(可能是最简单的一种)返回实际函数:用于共享实用程序函数,只需将()附加到注入的函数引用即可调用。

AngularJS中的服务是一个单例JavaScript对象,它包含一组函数

var myModule = angular.module("myModule", []);

myModule.value  ("myValue"  , "12345");

function MyService(myValue) {
    this.doIt = function() {
        console.log("done: " + myValue;
    }
}

myModule.service("myService", MyService);
myModule.controller("MyController", function($scope, myService) {

    myService.doIt();

});

工厂样式(更复杂但更复杂)返回函数的返回值:在java中实例化一个对象,如new object()。

工厂是一个创造价值的函数。当服务、控制器等需要从工厂注入价值时,工厂会按需创造价值。一旦创建,该值将被所有需要注入的服务、控制器等重用。

var myModule = angular.module("myModule", []);

myModule.value("numberValue", 999);

myModule.factory("myFactory", function(numberValue) {
    return "a value: " + numberValue;
})  
myModule.controller("MyController", function($scope, myFactory) {

    console.log(myFactory);

});

提供者样式:(完整的、可配置的版本)返回函数的$get函数的输出:可配置。

AngularJS中的Providers是你能创建的最灵活的工厂形式。向模块注册提供者就像向服务或工厂注册一样,只是使用了provider()函数。

var myModule = angular.module("myModule", []);

myModule.provider("mySecondService", function() {
    var provider = {};
    var config   = { configParam : "default" };

    provider.doConfig = function(configParam) {
        config.configParam = configParam;
    }

    provider.$get = function() {
        var service = {};

        service.doService = function() {
            console.log("mySecondService: " + config.configParam);
        }

        return service;
    }

    return provider;
});

myModule.config( function( mySecondServiceProvider ) {
    mySecondServiceProvider.doConfig("new config param");
});

myModule.controller("MyController", function($scope, mySecondService) {

    $scope.whenButtonClicked = function() {
        mySecondService.doIt();
    }

});

斯库尔克·延科夫

<!DOCTYPE html> <html ng-app="app"> <head> <script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.0.1/angular.min.js"></script> <meta charset=utf-8 /> <title>JS Bin</title> </head> <body ng-controller="MyCtrl"> {{serviceOutput}} <br/><br/> {{factoryOutput}} <br/><br/> {{providerOutput}} <script> var app = angular.module( 'app', [] ); var MyFunc = function() { this.name = "default name"; this.$get = function() { this.name = "new name" return "Hello from MyFunc.$get(). this.name = " + this.name; }; return "Hello from MyFunc(). this.name = " + this.name; }; // returns the actual function app.service( 'myService', MyFunc ); // returns the function's return value app.factory( 'myFactory', MyFunc ); // returns the output of the function's $get function app.provider( 'myProv', MyFunc ); function MyCtrl( $scope, myService, myFactory, myProv ) { $scope.serviceOutput = "myService = " + myService; $scope.factoryOutput = "myFactory = " + myFactory; $scope.providerOutput = "myProvider = " + myProv; } </script> </body> </html>

jsbin

<!DOCTYPE html> <html ng-app="myApp"> <head> <script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.0.1/angular.min.js"></script> <meta charset=utf-8 /> <title>JS Bin</title> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="MyCtrl"> {{hellos}} </div> <script> var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []); //service style, probably the simplest one myApp.service('helloWorldFromService', function() { this.sayHello = function() { return "Hello, World!" }; }); //factory style, more involved but more sophisticated myApp.factory('helloWorldFromFactory', function() { return { sayHello: function() { return "Hello, World!" } }; }); //provider style, full blown, configurable version myApp.provider('helloWorld', function() { this.name = 'Default'; this.$get = function() { var name = this.name; return { sayHello: function() { return "Hello, " + name + "!" } } }; this.setName = function(name) { this.name = name; }; }); //hey, we can configure a provider! myApp.config(function(helloWorldProvider){ helloWorldProvider.setName('World'); }); function MyCtrl($scope, helloWorld, helloWorldFromFactory, helloWorldFromService) { $scope.hellos = [ helloWorld.sayHello(), helloWorldFromFactory.sayHello(), helloWorldFromService.sayHello()]; } </script> </body> </html>

斯菲德尔

You can understand the difference with this analogy - Consider the difference between a normal function that will return some value and constructor function that will get instantiated using new keyword.So creating factory is just similar to create normal function that will return some value(primitive or an object) whereas creating service is like creating constructor function(OO class) of which we can create instance using new keyword. The only thing to notice is here is that when we use Service method to create services it will automatically create instance of it using dependency injection mechanism supported by AngularJS

生活的例子

" Hello world "的例子

与工厂/服务/供应商:

var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);
 
//service style, probably the simplest one
myApp.service('helloWorldFromService', function() {
    this.sayHello = function() {
        return "Hello, World!"
    };
});
 
//factory style, more involved but more sophisticated
myApp.factory('helloWorldFromFactory', function() {
    return {
        sayHello: function() {
            return "Hello, World!"
        }
    };
});
    
//provider style, full blown, configurable version     
myApp.provider('helloWorld', function() {
    // In the provider function, you cannot inject any
    // service or factory. This can only be done at the
    // "$get" method.
 
    this.name = 'Default';
 
    this.$get = function() {
        var name = this.name;
        return {
            sayHello: function() {
                return "Hello, " + name + "!"
            }
        }
    };
 
    this.setName = function(name) {
        this.name = name;
    };
});
 
//hey, we can configure a provider!            
myApp.config(function(helloWorldProvider){
    helloWorldProvider.setName('World');
});
        
 
function MyCtrl($scope, helloWorld, helloWorldFromFactory, helloWorldFromService) {
    
    $scope.hellos = [
        helloWorld.sayHello(),
        helloWorldFromFactory.sayHello(),
        helloWorldFromService.sayHello()];
}​

基本的区别在于,提供程序允许将原语(非对象)、数组或回调函数的值设置到工厂声明的变量中,因此如果返回一个对象,它必须显式地声明和返回。

另一方面,服务只能用于将服务声明的变量设置为对象,因此可以避免显式地创建和返回对象,而另一方面,它允许使用this关键字。

或者简而言之,“提供者是一种更通用的形式,而服务仅限于对象”。