我想在Swift中存储一个弱引用数组。数组本身不应该是弱引用——它的元素应该是。我认为Cocoa NSPointerArray提供了一个非类型安全的版本。
当前回答
这不是我的解决方案。我是在苹果开发者论坛上找到它的。
@GoZoner有一个很好的答案，但它崩溃了Swift编译器。
下面是一个弱对象容器的版本，它不会使当前发布的编译器崩溃。
struct WeakContainer<T where T: AnyObject> {
weak var _value : T?
init (value: T) {
_value = value
}
func get() -> T? {
return _value
}
}
然后你可以创建一个这些容器的数组:
let myArray: Array<WeakContainer<MyClass>> = [myObject1, myObject2]
其他回答
细节
Swift 5.1, Xcode 11.3.1
解决方案
struct WeakObject<Object: AnyObject> { weak var object: Object? }
选项1
@propertyWrapper
struct WeakElements<Collect, Element> where Collect: RangeReplaceableCollection, Collect.Element == Optional<Element>, Element: AnyObject {
private var weakObjects = [WeakObject<Element>]()
init(wrappedValue value: Collect) { save(collection: value) }
private mutating func save(collection: Collect) {
weakObjects = collection.map { WeakObject(object: $0) }
}
var wrappedValue: Collect {
get { Collect(weakObjects.map { $0.object }) }
set (newValues) { save(collection: newValues) }
}
}
选项1用法
class Class1 { // or struct
@WeakElements var weakObjectsArray = [UIView?]() // Use like regular array. With any objects
func test() {
weakObjectsArray.append(UIView())
weakObjectsArray.forEach { print($0) }
}
}
选项2
struct WeakObjectsArray<Object> where Object: AnyObject {
private var weakObjects = [WeakObject<Object>]()
}
extension WeakObjectsArray {
typealias SubSequence = WeakObjectsArray<Object>
typealias Element = Optional<Object>
typealias Index = Int
var startIndex: Index { weakObjects.startIndex }
var endIndex: Index { weakObjects.endIndex }
func index(after i: Index) -> Index { weakObjects.index(after: i) }
subscript(position: Index) -> Element {
get { weakObjects[position].object }
set (newValue) { weakObjects[position] = WeakObject(object: newValue) }
}
var count: Int { return weakObjects.count }
var isEmpty: Bool { return weakObjects.isEmpty }
}
extension WeakObjectsArray: RangeReplaceableCollection {
mutating func replaceSubrange<C : Collection>( _ subrange: Range<Index>, with newElements: C) where Element == C.Element {
weakObjects.replaceSubrange(subrange, with: newElements.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
}
}
选项2使用
class Class2 { // or struct
var weakObjectsArray = WeakObjectsArray<UIView>() // Use like regular array. With any objects
func test() {
weakObjectsArray.append(UIView())
weakObjectsArray.forEach { print($0) }
}
}
完整的样品
不要忘记粘贴解决方案代码
import UIKit
class ViewController: UIViewController {
@WeakElements var weakObjectsArray = [UIView?]()
//var weakObjectsArray = WeakObjectsArray<UIView>()
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
addSubviews()
}
private func printArray(title: String) {
DispatchQueue.main.async {
print("=============================\n\(title)\ncount: \(self.weakObjectsArray.count)")
self.weakObjectsArray.enumerated().forEach { print("\($0) \(String(describing: $1))") }
}
}
}
extension ViewController {
private func createRandomRectangleAndAdd(to parentView: UIView) -> UIView {
let view = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: Int.random(in: 0...200),
y: Int.random(in: 60...200),
width: Int.random(in: 0...200),
height: Int.random(in: 0...200)))
let color = UIColor(red: CGFloat.random(in: 0...255)/255,
green: CGFloat.random(in: 0...255)/255,
blue: CGFloat.random(in: 0...255)/255,
alpha: 1)
view.backgroundColor = color
parentView.addSubview(view)
return view
}
private func addSubviews() {
(0...1).forEach { _ in addView() }
addButtons()
}
private func createButton(title: String, frame: CGRect, action: Selector) -> UIButton {
let button = UIButton(frame: frame)
button.setTitle(title, for: .normal)
button.addTarget(self, action: action, for: .touchUpInside)
button.setTitleColor(.blue, for: .normal)
return button
}
private func addButtons() {
view.addSubview(createButton(title: "Add",
frame: CGRect(x: 10, y: 20, width: 40, height: 40),
action: #selector(addView)))
view.addSubview(createButton(title: "Delete",
frame: CGRect(x: 60, y: 20, width: 60, height: 40),
action: #selector(deleteView)))
view.addSubview(createButton(title: "Remove nils",
frame: CGRect(x: 120, y: 20, width: 100, height: 40),
action: #selector(removeNils)))
}
@objc func deleteView() {
view.subviews.first { view -> Bool in return !(view is UIButton) }?
.removeFromSuperview()
printArray(title: "First view deleted")
}
@objc func addView() {
weakObjectsArray.append(createRandomRectangleAndAdd(to: view))
printArray(title: "View addded")
}
@objc func removeNils() {
weakObjectsArray = weakObjectsArray.filter { $0 != nil }
printArray(title: "Remove all nil elements in weakArray")
}
}
现有的WeakContainer示例很有帮助，但它并不能真正帮助在现有的快速容器(如列表和字典)中使用弱引用。
如果您想使用List方法，如contains，那么WeakContainer将需要实现Equatable。因此，我添加了允许WeakContainer是相等的代码。
如果您想在字典中使用WeakContainer，我还将其设置为可哈希的，以便可以将其用作字典键。
我还将其重命名为WeakObject，以强调这仅适用于类类型，并将其与WeakContainer示例区分开来:
struct WeakObject<TYPE where TYPE:AnyObject> : Equatable, Hashable
{
weak var _value : TYPE?
let _originalHashValue : Int
init (value: TYPE)
{
_value = value
// We keep around the original hash value so that we can return it to represent this
// object even if the value became Nil out from under us because the object went away.
_originalHashValue = ObjectIdentifier(value).hashValue
}
var value : TYPE?
{
return _value
}
var hashValue: Int
{
return _originalHashValue
}
}
func ==<T>(lhs: WeakObject<T>, rhs: WeakObject<T>) -> Bool
{
if lhs.value == nil && rhs.value == nil {
return true
}
else if lhs.value == nil || rhs.value == nil {
return false
}
// If the objects are the same, then we are good to go
return lhs.value! === rhs.value!
}
这允许你做一些很酷的事情，比如使用弱引用字典:
private var m_observerDict : Dictionary<WeakObject<AnyObject>,FLObservationBlock> = Dictionary()
func addObserver( observer:AnyObject, block:FLObservationBlock )
{
let weakObserver = WeakObject(value:observer)
m_observerDict[weakObserver] = block
}
func removeObserver( observer:AnyObject )
{
let weakObserver = WeakObject(value:observer)
m_observerDict.removeValueForKey(weakObserver)
}
下面是如何使@GoZoner的伟大的答案符合哈希，所以它可以在容器对象中索引:集，字典，数组等。
private class Weak<T: AnyObject>: Hashable {
weak var value : T!
init (value: T) {
self.value = value
}
var hashValue : Int {
// ObjectIdentifier creates a unique hashvalue for objects.
return ObjectIdentifier(self.value).hashValue
}
}
// Need to override so we can conform to Equitable.
private func == <T>(lhs: Weak<T>, rhs: Weak<T>) -> Bool {
return lhs.hashValue == rhs.hashValue
}
现在参加派对有点晚了，但试试我的吧。我实现为一个集合而不是数组。
WeakObjectSet
class WeakObject<T: AnyObject>: Equatable, Hashable {
weak var object: T?
init(object: T) {
self.object = object
}
var hashValue: Int {
if let object = self.object { return unsafeAddressOf(object).hashValue }
else { return 0 }
}
}
func == <T> (lhs: WeakObject<T>, rhs: WeakObject<T>) -> Bool {
return lhs.object === rhs.object
}
class WeakObjectSet<T: AnyObject> {
var objects: Set<WeakObject<T>>
init() {
self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>([])
}
init(objects: [T]) {
self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
}
var allObjects: [T] {
return objects.flatMap { $0.object }
}
func contains(object: T) -> Bool {
return self.objects.contains(WeakObject(object: object))
}
func addObject(object: T) {
self.objects.unionInPlace([WeakObject(object: object)])
}
func addObjects(objects: [T]) {
self.objects.unionInPlace(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
}
}
使用
var alice: NSString? = "Alice"
var bob: NSString? = "Bob"
var cathline: NSString? = "Cathline"
var persons = WeakObjectSet<NSString>()
persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]
persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]
persons.addObjects([alice!, cathline!])
print(persons.allObjects) // [Alice, Cathline, Bob]
alice = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline, Bob]
bob = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline]
注意WeakObjectSet不会接受String类型，而是接受NSString类型。因为，String类型不是AnyType。我的swift版本是Apple swift version 2.2 (swiftlang-703.0.18.1 clang-703.0.29)。
代码可以从Gist中获取。 https://gist.github.com/codelynx/30d3c42a833321f17d39
**于2017年11月添加
我把代码更新为Swift 4
// Swift 4, Xcode Version 9.1 (9B55)
class WeakObject<T: AnyObject>: Equatable, Hashable {
weak var object: T?
init(object: T) {
self.object = object
}
var hashValue: Int {
if var object = object { return UnsafeMutablePointer<T>(&object).hashValue }
return 0
}
static func == (lhs: WeakObject<T>, rhs: WeakObject<T>) -> Bool {
return lhs.object === rhs.object
}
}
class WeakObjectSet<T: AnyObject> {
var objects: Set<WeakObject<T>>
init() {
self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>([])
}
init(objects: [T]) {
self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
}
var allObjects: [T] {
return objects.flatMap { $0.object }
}
func contains(_ object: T) -> Bool {
return self.objects.contains(WeakObject(object: object))
}
func addObject(_ object: T) {
self.objects.formUnion([WeakObject(object: object)])
}
func addObjects(_ objects: [T]) {
self.objects.formUnion(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
}
}
正如gokeji提到的，我算出NSString不会被释放基于代码在使用。 我抓了抓头，写了MyString类，如下所示。
// typealias MyString = NSString
class MyString: CustomStringConvertible {
var string: String
init(string: String) {
self.string = string
}
deinit {
print("relasing: \(string)")
}
var description: String {
return self.string
}
}
然后像这样用MyString替换NSString。那么说它有效就很奇怪了。
var alice: MyString? = MyString(string: "Alice")
var bob: MyString? = MyString(string: "Bob")
var cathline: MyString? = MyString(string: "Cathline")
var persons = WeakObjectSet<MyString>()
persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]
persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]
persons.addObjects([alice!, cathline!])
print(persons.allObjects) // [Alice, Cathline, Bob]
alice = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline, Bob]
bob = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline]
然后我发现了一个奇怪的页面可能与这个问题有关。
弱引用保留已释放的NSString(仅限XC9 + iOS Sim)
https://bugs.swift.org/browse/SR-5511
上面说问题已经解决了，但我想知道这是否和这个问题有关。 无论如何，MyString或NSString之间的行为差异超出了这个上下文，但如果有人能解决这个问题，我会很感激。
同样的问题还有另一种解决方案……它的重点是存储对对象的弱引用，但也允许存储结构。
[我不确定它有多有用，但它确实花了一段时间来纠正语法]
class WeakWrapper : Equatable {
var valueAny : Any?
weak var value : AnyObject?
init(value: Any) {
if let valueObj = value as? AnyObject {
self.value = valueObj
} else {
self.valueAny = value
}
}
func recall() -> Any? {
if let value = value {
return value
} else if let value = valueAny {
return value
}
return nil
}
}
func ==(lhs: WeakWrapper, rhs: WeakWrapper) -> Bool {
return ObjectIdentifier(lhs) == ObjectIdentifier(rhs)
}
class Stuff {}
var weakArray : [WeakWrapper] = [WeakWrapper(value: Stuff()), WeakWrapper(value: CGRectZero)]
extension Array where Element : WeakWrapper {
mutating func removeObject(object: Element) {
if let index = self.indexOf(object) {
self.removeAtIndex(index)
}
}
mutating func compress() {
for obj in self {
if obj.recall() == nil {
self.removeObject(obj)
}
}
}
}
weakArray[0].recall()
weakArray[1].recall() == nil
weakArray.compress()
weakArray.count
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