我想在Swift中存储一个弱引用数组。数组本身不应该是弱引用——它的元素应该是。我认为Cocoa NSPointerArray提供了一个非类型安全的版本。
当前回答
我基于@Eonil的工作，因为我喜欢闭包弱绑定策略，但我不想为变量使用函数操作符，因为这感觉非常违反直觉
相反，我所做的是:
class Weak<T> where T: AnyObject {
fileprivate var storedWeakReference: ()->T? = { return nil }
var value: T? {
get {
return storedWeakReference()
}
}
init(_ object: T) {
self.storedWeakReference = storeWeakReference(object)
}
fileprivate func storeWeakReference<T> (_ target:T) -> ()->T? where T: AnyObject {
return { [weak target] in
return target
}
}
}
这样你可以做一些事情，比如:
var a: UIViewController? = UIViewController()
let b = Weak(a)
print(a) //prints Optional(<UIViewController: 0xSomeAddress>)
print(b.value) //prints Optional(<UIViewController: 0xSomeAddress>)
a = nil
print(a) //prints nil
print(b.value) //prints nil
其他回答
这是一个类型安全的集合，用于保存弱对象的容器。当它被访问时，它也会自动移除nil容器/包装器。
例子:
protocol SomeDelegate: class {
func doSomething()
}
class SomeViewController: UIViewController {
var delegates: WeakCollection<SomeDelegate> = []
func someFunction(delegate: SomeDelegate) {
delegates.append(delegate)
}
func runDelegates() {
delegates.forEach { $0.doSomething() }
}
}
自定义集合https://gist.github.com/djk12587/46d85017fb3fad6946046925f36cefdc
import Foundation
/**
Creates an array of weak reference objects.
- Important:
Because this is an array of weak objects, the objects in the array can be removed at any time.
The collection itself will handle removing nil objects (garbage collection) via the private function cleanUpNilContainers()
*/
class WeakCollection<T>: RangeReplaceableCollection, ExpressibleByArrayLiteral {
typealias Index = Int
typealias Element = T
typealias Iterator = IndexingIterator<[Element]>
private var weakContainers: [WeakReferenceContainer]
required convenience init(arrayLiteral: Element...) {
self.init()
self.weakContainers = WeakCollection.createWeakContainers(from: arrayLiteral)
}
required init() {
weakContainers = []
}
required init<S>(_ elements: S) where S: Sequence, WeakCollection.Element == S.Element {
self.weakContainers = WeakCollection.createWeakContainers(from: elements)
}
static private func createWeakContainers<S>(from weakCollection: S) -> [WeakReferenceContainer] where S: Sequence,
WeakCollection.Element == S.Element {
return weakCollection.compactMap { WeakReferenceContainer(value: $0 as AnyObject) }
}
func append<S>(contentsOf newElements: S) where S: Sequence, WeakCollection.Element == S.Element {
self.weakContainers.append(contentsOf: WeakCollection.createWeakContainers(from: newElements))
}
var startIndex: Index {
return references.startIndex
}
var endIndex: Index {
return references.endIndex
}
func replaceSubrange<C, R>(_ subrange: R, with newElements: C) where
C: Collection, R: RangeExpression, WeakCollection.Element == C.Element, WeakCollection.Index == R.Bound {
weakContainers.replaceSubrange(subrange, with: WeakCollection.createWeakContainers(from: newElements))
}
func index(after i: Int) -> Int {
return references.index(after: i)
}
func makeIterator() -> IndexingIterator<[Element]> {
return references.makeIterator()
}
subscript(index: Int) -> Element {
get {
return references[index]
}
set {
weakContainers[index] = WeakReferenceContainer(value: newValue as AnyObject)
}
}
}
extension WeakCollection {
private class WeakReferenceContainer {
private(set) weak var value: AnyObject?
init(value: AnyObject?) {
self.value = value
}
}
private func cleanUpNilContainers() {
weakContainers = weakContainers.compactMap { $0.value == nil ? nil : $0 }
}
private var references: [Element] {
cleanUpNilContainers()
return weakContainers.compactMap { $0.value as? T }
}
}
现在参加派对有点晚了，但试试我的吧。我实现为一个集合而不是数组。
WeakObjectSet
class WeakObject<T: AnyObject>: Equatable, Hashable {
weak var object: T?
init(object: T) {
self.object = object
}
var hashValue: Int {
if let object = self.object { return unsafeAddressOf(object).hashValue }
else { return 0 }
}
}
func == <T> (lhs: WeakObject<T>, rhs: WeakObject<T>) -> Bool {
return lhs.object === rhs.object
}
class WeakObjectSet<T: AnyObject> {
var objects: Set<WeakObject<T>>
init() {
self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>([])
}
init(objects: [T]) {
self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
}
var allObjects: [T] {
return objects.flatMap { $0.object }
}
func contains(object: T) -> Bool {
return self.objects.contains(WeakObject(object: object))
}
func addObject(object: T) {
self.objects.unionInPlace([WeakObject(object: object)])
}
func addObjects(objects: [T]) {
self.objects.unionInPlace(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
}
}
使用
var alice: NSString? = "Alice"
var bob: NSString? = "Bob"
var cathline: NSString? = "Cathline"
var persons = WeakObjectSet<NSString>()
persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]
persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]
persons.addObjects([alice!, cathline!])
print(persons.allObjects) // [Alice, Cathline, Bob]
alice = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline, Bob]
bob = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline]
注意WeakObjectSet不会接受String类型，而是接受NSString类型。因为，String类型不是AnyType。我的swift版本是Apple swift version 2.2 (swiftlang-703.0.18.1 clang-703.0.29)。
代码可以从Gist中获取。 https://gist.github.com/codelynx/30d3c42a833321f17d39
**于2017年11月添加
我把代码更新为Swift 4
// Swift 4, Xcode Version 9.1 (9B55)
class WeakObject<T: AnyObject>: Equatable, Hashable {
weak var object: T?
init(object: T) {
self.object = object
}
var hashValue: Int {
if var object = object { return UnsafeMutablePointer<T>(&object).hashValue }
return 0
}
static func == (lhs: WeakObject<T>, rhs: WeakObject<T>) -> Bool {
return lhs.object === rhs.object
}
}
class WeakObjectSet<T: AnyObject> {
var objects: Set<WeakObject<T>>
init() {
self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>([])
}
init(objects: [T]) {
self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
}
var allObjects: [T] {
return objects.flatMap { $0.object }
}
func contains(_ object: T) -> Bool {
return self.objects.contains(WeakObject(object: object))
}
func addObject(_ object: T) {
self.objects.formUnion([WeakObject(object: object)])
}
func addObjects(_ objects: [T]) {
self.objects.formUnion(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
}
}
正如gokeji提到的，我算出NSString不会被释放基于代码在使用。 我抓了抓头，写了MyString类，如下所示。
// typealias MyString = NSString
class MyString: CustomStringConvertible {
var string: String
init(string: String) {
self.string = string
}
deinit {
print("relasing: \(string)")
}
var description: String {
return self.string
}
}
然后像这样用MyString替换NSString。那么说它有效就很奇怪了。
var alice: MyString? = MyString(string: "Alice")
var bob: MyString? = MyString(string: "Bob")
var cathline: MyString? = MyString(string: "Cathline")
var persons = WeakObjectSet<MyString>()
persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]
persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]
persons.addObjects([alice!, cathline!])
print(persons.allObjects) // [Alice, Cathline, Bob]
alice = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline, Bob]
bob = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline]
然后我发现了一个奇怪的页面可能与这个问题有关。
弱引用保留已释放的NSString(仅限XC9 + iOS Sim)
https://bugs.swift.org/browse/SR-5511
上面说问题已经解决了，但我想知道这是否和这个问题有关。 无论如何，MyString或NSString之间的行为差异超出了这个上下文，但如果有人能解决这个问题，我会很感激。
我有同样的想法来创建带有泛型的弱容器。 因此，我为NSHashTable创建了包装器:
class WeakSet<ObjectType>: SequenceType {
var count: Int {
return weakStorage.count
}
private let weakStorage = NSHashTable.weakObjectsHashTable()
func addObject(object: ObjectType) {
guard object is AnyObject else { fatalError("Object (\(object)) should be subclass of AnyObject") }
weakStorage.addObject(object as? AnyObject)
}
func removeObject(object: ObjectType) {
guard object is AnyObject else { fatalError("Object (\(object)) should be subclass of AnyObject") }
weakStorage.removeObject(object as? AnyObject)
}
func removeAllObjects() {
weakStorage.removeAllObjects()
}
func containsObject(object: ObjectType) -> Bool {
guard object is AnyObject else { fatalError("Object (\(object)) should be subclass of AnyObject") }
return weakStorage.containsObject(object as? AnyObject)
}
func generate() -> AnyGenerator<ObjectType> {
let enumerator = weakStorage.objectEnumerator()
return anyGenerator {
return enumerator.nextObject() as! ObjectType?
}
}
}
用法:
protocol MyDelegate : AnyObject {
func doWork()
}
class MyClass: AnyObject, MyDelegate {
fun doWork() {
// Do delegated work.
}
}
var delegates = WeakSet<MyDelegate>()
delegates.addObject(MyClass())
for delegate in delegates {
delegate.doWork()
}
这不是最好的解决方案，因为WeakSet可以初始化为任何类型，如果这种类型不符合AnyObject协议，那么应用程序将崩溃，并给出详细的原因。但我现在找不到更好的解决办法。
最初的解决方案是这样定义WeakSet:
class WeakSet<ObjectType: AnyObject>: SequenceType {}
但是在这种情况下，WeakSet不能用协议初始化:
protocol MyDelegate : AnyObject {
func doWork()
}
let weakSet = WeakSet<MyDelegate>()
目前以上代码无法编译(Swift 2.1, Xcode 7.1)。 这就是为什么我放弃符合AnyObject并使用fatalError()断言添加额外的保护。
创建一个通用包装器，如下:
class Weak<T: AnyObject> {
weak var value : T?
init (value: T) {
self.value = value
}
}
将该类的实例添加到数组中。
class Stuff {}
var weakly : [Weak<Stuff>] = [Weak(value: Stuff()), Weak(value: Stuff())]
定义Weak时，可以使用struct或class。
同样，为了帮助获取数组内容，你可以做一些如下的事情:
extension Array where Element:Weak<AnyObject> {
mutating func reap () {
self = self.filter { nil != $0.value }
}
}
上面使用的AnyObject应该替换为T -但我不认为当前的Swift语言允许这样定义扩展。
同样的问题还有另一种解决方案……它的重点是存储对对象的弱引用，但也允许存储结构。
[我不确定它有多有用，但它确实花了一段时间来纠正语法]
class WeakWrapper : Equatable {
var valueAny : Any?
weak var value : AnyObject?
init(value: Any) {
if let valueObj = value as? AnyObject {
self.value = valueObj
} else {
self.valueAny = value
}
}
func recall() -> Any? {
if let value = value {
return value
} else if let value = valueAny {
return value
}
return nil
}
}
func ==(lhs: WeakWrapper, rhs: WeakWrapper) -> Bool {
return ObjectIdentifier(lhs) == ObjectIdentifier(rhs)
}
class Stuff {}
var weakArray : [WeakWrapper] = [WeakWrapper(value: Stuff()), WeakWrapper(value: CGRectZero)]
extension Array where Element : WeakWrapper {
mutating func removeObject(object: Element) {
if let index = self.indexOf(object) {
self.removeAtIndex(index)
}
}
mutating func compress() {
for obj in self {
if obj.recall() == nil {
self.removeObject(obj)
}
}
}
}
weakArray[0].recall()
weakArray[1].recall() == nil
weakArray.compress()
weakArray.count
推荐文章
- 在Swift中转换字符串为日期
- 点击按钮时如何打开手机设置?
- 在Swift中使用自定义消息抛出错误/异常的最简单方法?
- 编译器错误:带有Objective-C选择器的方法与前面带有相同Objective-C选择器的声明冲突
- 如何在Swift中获得唯一的设备ID ?
- 如何在Swift中获得枚举值的名称?
- 如何调用手势点击在UIView编程在迅速
- 什么是Swift相当于respondsToSelector?
- dyld:库未加载:@rpath/libswift_stdlib_core.dylib
- 我如何隐藏在一个Swift iOS应用程序的状态栏?
- 以编程方式更改导航标题
- 我如何得到一个plist作为一个字典在Swift?
- 如何在Swift中删除视图的所有子视图?
- 属性getter和setter
- 为什么我需要在swift的下划线?
