下面是我提出的一个解决方案，根据输入字符串生成美观的粉彩颜色。它使用字符串的前两个字符作为随机种子，然后基于该种子生成R/G/B。

它可以很容易地扩展，以便种子是字符串中所有字符的异或，而不仅仅是前两个字符。

灵感来自David Crow的回答:算法随机生成一个美观的调色板

//magic to convert strings to a nice pastel colour based on first two chars
//
// every string with the same first two chars will generate the same pastel colour
function pastel_colour(input_str) {

    //TODO: adjust base colour values below based on theme
    var baseRed = 128;
    var baseGreen = 128;
    var baseBlue = 128;

    //lazy seeded random hack to get values from 0 - 256
    //for seed just take bitwise XOR of first two chars
    var seed = input_str.charCodeAt(0) ^ input_str.charCodeAt(1);
    var rand_1 = Math.abs((Math.sin(seed++) * 10000)) % 256;
    var rand_2 = Math.abs((Math.sin(seed++) * 10000)) % 256;
    var rand_3 = Math.abs((Math.sin(seed++) * 10000)) % 256;

    //build colour
    var red = Math.round((rand_1 + baseRed) / 2);
    var green = Math.round((rand_2 + baseGreen) / 2);
    var blue = Math.round((rand_3 + baseBlue) / 2);

    return { red: red, green: green, blue: blue };
}

GIST在这里:https://gist.github.com/ro-sharp/49fd46a071a267d9e5dd

这是我2021年的版本，带有还原功能和HSL颜色。

function getBackgroundColor(stringInput) {
    let stringUniqueHash = [...stringInput].reduce((acc, char) => {
        return char.charCodeAt(0) + ((acc << 5) - acc);
    }, 0);
    return `hsl(${stringUniqueHash % 360}, 95%, 35%)`;
}

我发现随机生成的颜色往往没有足够的对比度来满足我的口味。我发现解决这个问题最简单的方法是预先填充一个非常不同的颜色列表。对于每个新字符串，分配列表中的下一个颜色:

// Takes any string and converts it into a #RRGGBB color.
var StringToColor = (function(){
    var instance = null;

    return {
    next: function stringToColor(str) {
        if(instance === null) {
            instance = {};
            instance.stringToColorHash = {};
            instance.nextVeryDifferntColorIdx = 0;
            instance.veryDifferentColors = ["#000000","#00FF00","#0000FF","#FF0000","#01FFFE","#FFA6FE","#FFDB66","#006401","#010067","#95003A","#007DB5","#FF00F6","#FFEEE8","#774D00","#90FB92","#0076FF","#D5FF00","#FF937E","#6A826C","#FF029D","#FE8900","#7A4782","#7E2DD2","#85A900","#FF0056","#A42400","#00AE7E","#683D3B","#BDC6FF","#263400","#BDD393","#00B917","#9E008E","#001544","#C28C9F","#FF74A3","#01D0FF","#004754","#E56FFE","#788231","#0E4CA1","#91D0CB","#BE9970","#968AE8","#BB8800","#43002C","#DEFF74","#00FFC6","#FFE502","#620E00","#008F9C","#98FF52","#7544B1","#B500FF","#00FF78","#FF6E41","#005F39","#6B6882","#5FAD4E","#A75740","#A5FFD2","#FFB167","#009BFF","#E85EBE"];
        }

        if(!instance.stringToColorHash[str])
            instance.stringToColorHash[str] = instance.veryDifferentColors[instance.nextVeryDifferntColorIdx++];

            return instance.stringToColorHash[str];
        }
    }
})();

// Get a new color for each string
StringToColor.next("get first color");
StringToColor.next("get second color");

// Will return the same color as the first time
StringToColor.next("get first color");

虽然它的颜色限制只有64种，但我发现大多数人在那之后都无法真正分辨出区别。我认为你可以添加更多的颜色。

虽然这段代码使用了硬编码的颜色，但至少可以保证您在开发过程中确切地知道在生产中您将看到的颜色之间的对比有多大。

颜色列表是从这个SO答案中提取的，还有其他更多颜色的列表。

我有一个情况，我想显示基于用户的用户名的背景，并显示用户名的第一个字母在顶部。 我使用爱的代码，它为我工作得很好

var stringToColour = function (str) {
var hash = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
  hash = str.charCodeAt(i) + ((hash << 5) - hash);
}
var colour = '#';
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  var value = (hash >> (i * 8)) & 0xff;
  colour += ('00' + value.toString(16)).substr(-2);
}
return colour;}

为了找到合适的颜色，你可以使用

function lightOrDark(color) {
// Check the format of the color, HEX or RGB?
if (color.match(/^rgb/)) {
  // If HEX --> store the red, green, blue values in separate variables
  color = color.match(
    /^rgba?\((\d+),\s*(\d+),\s*(\d+)(?:,\s*(\d+(?:\.\d+)?))?\)$/,
  );

  var r = color[1];
  var g = color[2];
  var b = color[3];
} else {
  // If RGB --> Convert it to HEX: http://gist.github.com/983661
  color = +(
    '0x' + color.slice(1).replace(color.length < 5 && /./g, '$&$&')
  );

  r = color >> 16;
  g = (color >> 8) & 255;
  b = color & 255;
}

// HSP equation from http://alienryderflex.com/hsp.html
var hsp = Math.sqrt(0.299 * (r * r) + 0.587 * (g * g) + 0.114 * (b * b));

// Using the HSP value, determine whether the color is light or dark
if (hsp > 127.5) {
  return 'light';
} else {
  return 'dark';
}

}

如果您的输入差异不足以让一个简单的哈希使用整个颜色光谱，您可以使用一个种子随机数生成器而不是哈希函数。

我用的是乔·弗里曼的答案中的颜色编码器，还有大卫·鲍的种子随机数生成器。

function stringToColour(str) {
    Math.seedrandom(str);
    var rand = Math.random() * Math.pow(255,3);
    Math.seedrandom(); // don't leave a non-random seed in the generator
    for (var i = 0, colour = "#"; i < 3; colour += ("00" + ((rand >> i++ * 8) & 0xFF).toString(16)).slice(-2));
    return colour;
}

我已经打开了一个pull request to Please.js，它允许从散列中生成颜色。

你可以像这样将字符串映射到一个颜色:

const color = Please.make_color({
    from_hash: "any string goes here"
});

例如，"any string goes here"将返回"#47291b" “another!”返回为“#1f0c3d”