我有两个python模块:

a.py

import b

def hello():
  print "hello"

print "a.py"
print hello()
print b.hi()

b.py

import a

def hi():
  print "hi"

当我运行a.py时,我得到:

AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'hi'

这个误差是什么意思?我该怎么解决呢?


当前回答

我也遇到过同样的问题。 使用重载修复。

import the_module_name
from importlib import reload
reload(the_module_name)

其他回答

让我们通过例子来看看问题和解决方案,循环依赖关系是如何到达的。 我有一个文件窗口数据生成器。ipynb执行主文件导入如下两个文件。

escape.py MutationTypes.py

escape.py已经导入MutationTypes.py文件 现在,在窗口数据生成器中。我想执行MutationTypes.py的功能,如下所示:

import escape as ESC
import MutationTypes
MutationTypes.SINGLE_RES_SUB 

错误提示为AttributeErrorTraceback(最近一次调用)/tmp/ipykernel_4340/4282764781.py在<module> ----> 1 MutationTypes中。属性错误:模块“MutationTypes”没有属性“SINGLE_RES_SUB”

如何解决这个问题? 因为您已经在转义模块中导入了MutationTypes文件,下面使用转义模块使用MutationTypes文件功能

ESC.MutationTypes.SINGLE_RES_SUB

我曾多次遇到这个问题,但我并没有试图深入挖掘。现在我明白主要问题了。

这一次,我的问题是从不同的模块导入Serializers (django和restframework),如下所示:

from rest_framework import serializers

from common import serializers as srlz
from prices import models as mdlpri

# the line below was the problem 'srlzprod'
from products import serializers as srlzprod

我遇到了一个这样的问题:

from product import serializers as srlzprod
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'product'

我想要完成的是:

class CampaignsProductsSerializers(srlz.DynamicFieldsModelSerializer):
    bank_name = serializers.CharField(trim_whitespace=True,)
    coupon_type = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    promotion_description = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    # the nested relation of the line below
    product = srlzprod.ProductsSerializers(fields=['id','name',],read_only=True,)

因此,正如上面提到的如何解决它(顶级导入),我继续做以下更改:

# change
product = srlzprod.ProductsSerializers(fields=['id','name',],read_only=True,)
# by 
product = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

# and create the following method and call from there the required serializer class
def get_product(self, obj):
        from products import serializers as srlzprod
        p_fields = ['id', 'name', ]
        return srlzprod.ProductsSerializers(
            obj.product, fields=p_fields, many=False,
        ).data

因此,django runserver的执行没有问题:

./project/settings/manage.py runserver 0:8002 --settings=settings_development_mlazo
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
April 25, 2020 - 13:31:56
Django version 2.0.7, using settings 'settings_development_mlazo'
Starting development server at http://0:8002/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

代码行的最终状态如下:

from rest_framework import serializers

from common import serializers as srlz
from prices import models as mdlpri

class CampaignsProductsSerializers(srlz.DynamicFieldsModelSerializer):
    bank_name = serializers.CharField(trim_whitespace=True,)
    coupon_type = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    promotion_description = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    product = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:
        model = mdlpri.CampaignsProducts
        fields = '__all__'

    def get_product(self, obj):
        from products import serializers as srlzprod
        p_fields = ['id', 'name', ]
        return srlzprod.ProductsSerializers(
            obj.product, fields=p_fields, many=False,
        ).data

希望这能对其他人有所帮助。

问候,

我通过引用一个以错误方式导入的enum得到了这个错误,例如:

from package import MyEnumClass
# ...
# in some method:
return MyEnumClass.Member

正确的导入:

from package.MyEnumClass import MyEnumClass

希望这能帮助到别人

您有相互的顶级导入,这几乎总是一个坏主意。

如果你真的必须在Python中有相互导入,方法是在函数中导入它们:

# In b.py:
def cause_a_to_do_something():
    import a
    a.do_something()

现在a.py可以安全地导入b而不会产生问题。

(乍一看,cause_a_to_do_something()似乎效率非常低,因为每次调用它时它都会导入,但实际上导入工作只在第一次执行。第二次和以后导入一个模块时,这是一个快速操作。)

我遇到这个错误是因为实际上没有导入模块。代码是这样的:

import a.b, a.c

# ...

something(a.b)
something(a.c)
something(a.d)  # My addition, which failed.

最后一行导致一个AttributeError。原因是我没有注意到a的子模块(a.b和a.c)被显式导入,并假设import语句实际上导入了a。