我有两个python模块:
a.py
import b
def hello():
print "hello"
print "a.py"
print hello()
print b.hi()
b.py
import a
def hi():
print "hi"
当我运行a.py时,我得到:
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'hi'
这个误差是什么意思?我该怎么解决呢?
我有两个python模块:
a.py
import b
def hello():
print "hello"
print "a.py"
print hello()
print b.hi()
b.py
import a
def hi():
print "hi"
当我运行a.py时,我得到:
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'hi'
这个误差是什么意思?我该怎么解决呢?
当前回答
你可以通过添加2个print来理解:
a.py:
print(__name__)
import b
b.py:
print(__name__)
import a
然后:
$ python3 a.py
__main__
b
a
a.py最终会被加载/执行2次。一个作为__main__,一个作为a。
其他回答
循环导入会导致问题,但Python有内置的方法来缓解它。
问题是,当你运行python a.py时,它运行a.py,但没有将其标记为导入模块。因此依次a.py ->导入模块b ->导入模块a ->导入模块b。最后一次导入是无操作的,因为b目前正在导入,Python会防止这种情况发生。b现在是一个空模块。所以当它执行b.hi()时,它找不到任何东西。
注意,执行的b.hi()是在a.py ->模块b ->模块a期间,而不是直接在a.py中。
在你的特定示例中,你可以在顶层运行python -c 'import a',这样a.py的第一次执行就被注册为导入模块。
我通过引用一个以错误方式导入的enum得到了这个错误,例如:
from package import MyEnumClass
# ...
# in some method:
return MyEnumClass.Member
正确的导入:
from package.MyEnumClass import MyEnumClass
希望这能帮助到别人
导入的顺序是我遇到问题的原因:
a.py:
############
# this is a problem
# move this to below
#############
from b import NewThing
class ProblemThing(object):
pass
class A(object):
###############
# add it here
# from b import NewThing
###############
nt = NewThing()
pass
b.py:
from a import ProblemThing
class NewThing(ProblemThing):
pass
这只是另一个例子,类似于richieindie的答案,但是有类。
你存了'b.py'吗? 你必须先保存'b.py'。
我曾多次遇到这个问题,但我并没有试图深入挖掘。现在我明白主要问题了。
这一次,我的问题是从不同的模块导入Serializers (django和restframework),如下所示:
from rest_framework import serializers
from common import serializers as srlz
from prices import models as mdlpri
# the line below was the problem 'srlzprod'
from products import serializers as srlzprod
我遇到了一个这样的问题:
from product import serializers as srlzprod
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'product'
我想要完成的是:
class CampaignsProductsSerializers(srlz.DynamicFieldsModelSerializer):
bank_name = serializers.CharField(trim_whitespace=True,)
coupon_type = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
promotion_description = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
# the nested relation of the line below
product = srlzprod.ProductsSerializers(fields=['id','name',],read_only=True,)
因此,正如上面提到的如何解决它(顶级导入),我继续做以下更改:
# change
product = srlzprod.ProductsSerializers(fields=['id','name',],read_only=True,)
# by
product = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
# and create the following method and call from there the required serializer class
def get_product(self, obj):
from products import serializers as srlzprod
p_fields = ['id', 'name', ]
return srlzprod.ProductsSerializers(
obj.product, fields=p_fields, many=False,
).data
因此,django runserver的执行没有问题:
./project/settings/manage.py runserver 0:8002 --settings=settings_development_mlazo
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
April 25, 2020 - 13:31:56
Django version 2.0.7, using settings 'settings_development_mlazo'
Starting development server at http://0:8002/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
代码行的最终状态如下:
from rest_framework import serializers
from common import serializers as srlz
from prices import models as mdlpri
class CampaignsProductsSerializers(srlz.DynamicFieldsModelSerializer):
bank_name = serializers.CharField(trim_whitespace=True,)
coupon_type = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
promotion_description = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
product = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
class Meta:
model = mdlpri.CampaignsProducts
fields = '__all__'
def get_product(self, obj):
from products import serializers as srlzprod
p_fields = ['id', 'name', ]
return srlzprod.ProductsSerializers(
obj.product, fields=p_fields, many=False,
).data
希望这能对其他人有所帮助。
问候,