我有两个python模块:

a.py

import b

def hello():
  print "hello"

print "a.py"
print hello()
print b.hi()

b.py

import a

def hi():
  print "hi"

当我运行a.py时,我得到:

AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'hi'

这个误差是什么意思?我该怎么解决呢?


当前回答

你可以通过添加2个print来理解:

a.py:

print(__name__)
import b

b.py:

print(__name__)
import a

然后:

$ python3 a.py
__main__
b
a

a.py最终会被加载/执行2次。一个作为__main__,一个作为a。

其他回答

循环导入会导致问题,但Python有内置的方法来缓解它。

问题是,当你运行python a.py时,它运行a.py,但没有将其标记为导入模块。因此依次a.py ->导入模块b ->导入模块a ->导入模块b。最后一次导入是无操作的,因为b目前正在导入,Python会防止这种情况发生。b现在是一个空模块。所以当它执行b.hi()时,它找不到任何东西。

注意,执行的b.hi()是在a.py ->模块b ->模块a期间,而不是直接在a.py中。

在你的特定示例中,你可以在顶层运行python -c 'import a',这样a.py的第一次执行就被注册为导入模块。

我通过引用一个以错误方式导入的enum得到了这个错误,例如:

from package import MyEnumClass
# ...
# in some method:
return MyEnumClass.Member

正确的导入:

from package.MyEnumClass import MyEnumClass

希望这能帮助到别人

导入的顺序是我遇到问题的原因:

a.py:

############
# this is a problem
# move this to below
#############
from b import NewThing

class ProblemThing(object):
    pass

class A(object):
   ###############
   # add it here
   # from b import NewThing
   ###############
   nt = NewThing()
   pass

b.py:

from a import ProblemThing

class NewThing(ProblemThing):
    pass

这只是另一个例子,类似于richieindie的答案,但是有类。

你存了'b.py'吗? 你必须先保存'b.py'。

我曾多次遇到这个问题,但我并没有试图深入挖掘。现在我明白主要问题了。

这一次,我的问题是从不同的模块导入Serializers (django和restframework),如下所示:

from rest_framework import serializers

from common import serializers as srlz
from prices import models as mdlpri

# the line below was the problem 'srlzprod'
from products import serializers as srlzprod

我遇到了一个这样的问题:

from product import serializers as srlzprod
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'product'

我想要完成的是:

class CampaignsProductsSerializers(srlz.DynamicFieldsModelSerializer):
    bank_name = serializers.CharField(trim_whitespace=True,)
    coupon_type = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    promotion_description = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    # the nested relation of the line below
    product = srlzprod.ProductsSerializers(fields=['id','name',],read_only=True,)

因此,正如上面提到的如何解决它(顶级导入),我继续做以下更改:

# change
product = srlzprod.ProductsSerializers(fields=['id','name',],read_only=True,)
# by 
product = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

# and create the following method and call from there the required serializer class
def get_product(self, obj):
        from products import serializers as srlzprod
        p_fields = ['id', 'name', ]
        return srlzprod.ProductsSerializers(
            obj.product, fields=p_fields, many=False,
        ).data

因此,django runserver的执行没有问题:

./project/settings/manage.py runserver 0:8002 --settings=settings_development_mlazo
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
April 25, 2020 - 13:31:56
Django version 2.0.7, using settings 'settings_development_mlazo'
Starting development server at http://0:8002/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

代码行的最终状态如下:

from rest_framework import serializers

from common import serializers as srlz
from prices import models as mdlpri

class CampaignsProductsSerializers(srlz.DynamicFieldsModelSerializer):
    bank_name = serializers.CharField(trim_whitespace=True,)
    coupon_type = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    promotion_description = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    product = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:
        model = mdlpri.CampaignsProducts
        fields = '__all__'

    def get_product(self, obj):
        from products import serializers as srlzprod
        p_fields = ['id', 'name', ]
        return srlzprod.ProductsSerializers(
            obj.product, fields=p_fields, many=False,
        ).data

希望这能对其他人有所帮助。

问候,