我已经实现了一个解决方案:

标签内的动态片段替换 维护每个选项卡的历史记录 处理方向变化

实现这一目标的技巧如下:

使用notifyDataSetChanged()方法来应用片段替换 片段管理器只用于后台，而不用于片段替换 使用纪念品模式(堆栈)维护历史记录

适配器代码如下:

public class TabsAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter implements ActionBar.TabListener, ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener {

/** The sherlock fragment activity. */
private final SherlockFragmentActivity mActivity;

/** The action bar. */
private final ActionBar mActionBar;

/** The pager. */
private final ViewPager mPager;

/** The tabs. */
private List<TabInfo> mTabs = new LinkedList<TabInfo>();

/** The total number of tabs. */
private int TOTAL_TABS;

private Map<Integer, Stack<TabInfo>> history = new HashMap<Integer, Stack<TabInfo>>();

/**
 * Creates a new instance.
 *
 * @param activity the activity
 * @param pager    the pager
 */
public TabsAdapter(SherlockFragmentActivity activity, ViewPager pager) {
    super(activity.getSupportFragmentManager());
    activity.getSupportFragmentManager();
    this.mActivity = activity;
    this.mActionBar = activity.getSupportActionBar();
    this.mPager = pager;
    mActionBar.setNavigationMode(ActionBar.NAVIGATION_MODE_TABS);
}

/**
 * Adds the tab.
 *
 * @param image         the image
 * @param fragmentClass the class
 * @param args          the arguments
 */
public void addTab(final Drawable image, final Class fragmentClass, final Bundle args) {
    final TabInfo tabInfo = new TabInfo(fragmentClass, args);
    final ActionBar.Tab tab = mActionBar.newTab();
    tab.setTabListener(this);
    tab.setTag(tabInfo);
    tab.setIcon(image);

    mTabs.add(tabInfo);
    mActionBar.addTab(tab);

    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

@Override
public Fragment getItem(final int position) {
    final TabInfo tabInfo = mTabs.get(position);
    return Fragment.instantiate(mActivity, tabInfo.fragmentClass.getName(), tabInfo.args);
}

@Override
public int getItemPosition(final Object object) {
    /* Get the current position. */
    int position = mActionBar.getSelectedTab().getPosition();

    /* The default value. */
    int pos = POSITION_NONE;
    if (history.get(position).isEmpty()) {
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }

    /* Checks if the object exists in current history. */
    for (Stack<TabInfo> stack : history.values()) {
        TabInfo c = stack.peek();
        if (c.fragmentClass.getName().equals(object.getClass().getName())) {
            pos = POSITION_UNCHANGED;
            break;
        }
    }
    return pos;
}

@Override
public int getCount() {
    return mTabs.size();
}

@Override
public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int arg0) {
}

@Override
public void onPageScrolled(int arg0, float arg1, int arg2) {
}

@Override
public void onPageSelected(int position) {
    mActionBar.setSelectedNavigationItem(position);
}

@Override
public void onTabSelected(final ActionBar.Tab tab, final FragmentTransaction ft) {
    TabInfo tabInfo = (TabInfo) tab.getTag();
    for (int i = 0; i < mTabs.size(); i++) {
        if (mTabs.get(i).equals(tabInfo)) {
            mPager.setCurrentItem(i);
        }
    }
}

@Override
public void onTabUnselected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
}

@Override
public void onTabReselected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
}

public void replace(final int position, final Class fragmentClass, final Bundle args) {
    /* Save the fragment to the history. */
    mActivity.getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().addToBackStack(null).commit();

    /* Update the tabs. */
    updateTabs(new TabInfo(fragmentClass, args), position);

    /* Updates the history. */
    history.get(position).push(new TabInfo(mTabs.get(position).fragmentClass, mTabs.get(position).args));

    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

/**
 * Updates the tabs.
 *
 * @param tabInfo
 *          the new tab info
 * @param position
 *          the position
 */
private void updateTabs(final TabInfo tabInfo, final int position) {
    mTabs.remove(position);
    mTabs.add(position, tabInfo);
    mActionBar.getTabAt(position).setTag(tabInfo);
}

/**
 * Creates the history using the current state.
 */
public void createHistory() {
    int position = 0;
    TOTAL_TABS = mTabs.size();
    for (TabInfo mTab : mTabs) {
        if (history.get(position) == null) {
            history.put(position, new Stack<TabInfo>());
        }
        history.get(position).push(new TabInfo(mTab.fragmentClass, mTab.args));
        position++;
    }
}

/**
 * Called on back
 */
public void back() {
    int position = mActionBar.getSelectedTab().getPosition();
    if (!historyIsEmpty(position)) {
        /* In case there is not any other item in the history, then finalize the activity. */
        if (isLastItemInHistory(position)) {
            mActivity.finish();
        }
        final TabInfo currentTabInfo = getPrevious(position);
        mTabs.clear();
        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TABS; i++) {
            if (i == position) {
                mTabs.add(new TabInfo(currentTabInfo.fragmentClass, currentTabInfo.args));
            } else {
                TabInfo otherTabInfo = history.get(i).peek();
                mTabs.add(new TabInfo(otherTabInfo.fragmentClass, otherTabInfo.args));
            }
        }
    }
    mActionBar.selectTab(mActionBar.getTabAt(position));
    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

/**
 * Returns if the history is empty.
 *
 * @param position
 *          the position
 * @return  the flag if empty
 */
private boolean historyIsEmpty(final int position) {
    return history == null || history.isEmpty() || history.get(position).isEmpty();
}

private boolean isLastItemInHistory(final int position) {
    return history.get(position).size() == 1;
}

/**
 * Returns the previous state by the position provided.
 *
 * @param position
 *          the position
 * @return  the tab info
 */
private TabInfo getPrevious(final int position) {
    TabInfo currentTabInfo = history.get(position).pop();
    if (!history.get(position).isEmpty()) {
        currentTabInfo = history.get(position).peek();
    }
    return currentTabInfo;
}

/** The tab info class */
private static class TabInfo {

    /** The fragment class. */
    public Class fragmentClass;

    /** The args.*/
    public Bundle args;

    /**
     * Creates a new instance.
     *
     * @param fragmentClass
     *          the fragment class
     * @param args
     *          the args
     */
    public TabInfo(Class fragmentClass, Bundle args) {
        this.fragmentClass = fragmentClass;
        this.args = args;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object o) {
        return this.fragmentClass.getName().equals(o.getClass().getName());
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return fragmentClass.getName() != null ? fragmentClass.getName().hashCode() : 0;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "TabInfo{" +
                "fragmentClass=" + fragmentClass +
                '}';
    }
}

第一次添加所有选项卡时，我们需要调用createHistory()方法来创建初始历史记录

public void createHistory() {
    int position = 0;
    TOTAL_TABS = mTabs.size();
    for (TabInfo mTab : mTabs) {
        if (history.get(position) == null) {
            history.put(position, new Stack<TabInfo>());
        }
        history.get(position).push(new TabInfo(mTab.fragmentClass, mTab.args));
        position++;
    }
}

每次你想要替换一个片段到一个特定的标签，你调用: replace(final int position, final Class fragmentClass, final Bundle args)

/* Save the fragment to the history. */
    mActivity.getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().addToBackStack(null).commit();

    /* Update the tabs. */
    updateTabs(new TabInfo(fragmentClass, args), position);

    /* Updates the history. */
    history.get(position).push(new TabInfo(mTabs.get(position).fragmentClass, mTabs.get(position).args));

    notifyDataSetChanged();

在back被按下时，你需要调用back()方法:

public void back() {
    int position = mActionBar.getSelectedTab().getPosition();
    if (!historyIsEmpty(position)) {
        /* In case there is not any other item in the history, then finalize the activity. */
        if (isLastItemInHistory(position)) {
            mActivity.finish();
        }
        final TabInfo currentTabInfo = getPrevious(position);
        mTabs.clear();
        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TABS; i++) {
            if (i == position) {
                mTabs.add(new TabInfo(currentTabInfo.fragmentClass, currentTabInfo.args));
            } else {
                TabInfo otherTabInfo = history.get(i).peek();
                mTabs.add(new TabInfo(otherTabInfo.fragmentClass, otherTabInfo.args));
            }
        }
    }
    mActionBar.selectTab(mActionBar.getTabAt(position));
    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

解决方案与夏洛克动作栏和滑动手势。

一些提出的解决方案帮助我很多，部分解决问题，但仍有一个重要的事情，在解决方案中产生了意想不到的异常和黑页内容，而不是在某些情况下的片段内容。

问题是FragmentPagerAdapter类使用条目ID将缓存的片段存储到FragmentManager中。出于这个原因，您还需要重写getItemId(int position)方法，以便它返回例如顶级页面的位置和详细页面的100 +位置。否则，之前创建的顶级片段将从缓存返回，而不是细节级片段。

Furthermore, I'm sharing here a complete example how to implement tabs-like activity with Fragment pages using ViewPager and tab buttons using RadioGroup that allows replacement of top-level pages with detailed pages and also supports back button. This implementation supports only one level of back stacking (item list - item details) but multi-level back stacking implementation is straightforward. This example works pretty well in normal cases except of it is throwing a NullPointerException in case when you switch to e. g. second page, change the fragment of the first page (while not visible) and return back to the first page. I'll post a solution to this issue once I'll figure it out:

public class TabsActivity extends FragmentActivity {

  public static final int PAGE_COUNT = 3;
  public static final int FIRST_PAGE = 0;
  public static final int SECOND_PAGE = 1;
  public static final int THIRD_PAGE = 2;

  /**
   * Opens a new inferior page at specified tab position and adds the current page into back
   * stack.
   */
  public void startPage(int position, Fragment content) {
    // Replace page adapter fragment at position.
    mPagerAdapter.start(position, content);
  }

  @Override
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    // Initialize basic layout.
    this.setContentView(R.layout.tabs_activity);

    // Add tab fragments to view pager.
    {
      // Create fragments adapter.
      mPagerAdapter = new PagerAdapter(pager);
      ViewPager pager = (ViewPager) super.findViewById(R.id.tabs_view_pager);
      pager.setAdapter(mPagerAdapter);

      // Update active tab in tab bar when page changes.
      pager.setOnPageChangeListener(new ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener() {
        @Override
        public void onPageScrolled(int index, float value, int nextIndex) {
          // Not used.
        }

        @Override
        public void onPageSelected(int index) {
          RadioGroup tabs_radio_group = (RadioGroup) TabsActivity.this.findViewById(
            R.id.tabs_radio_group);
          switch (index) {
            case 0: {
              tabs_radio_group.check(R.id.first_radio_button);
            }
            break;
            case 1: {
              tabs_radio_group.check(R.id.second_radio_button);
            }
            break;
            case 2: {
              tabs_radio_group.check(R.id.third_radio_button);
            }
            break;
          }
        }

        @Override
        public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int index) {
          // Not used.
        }
      });
    }

    // Set "tabs" radio group on checked change listener that changes the displayed page.
    RadioGroup radio_group = (RadioGroup) this.findViewById(R.id.tabs_radio_group);
    radio_group.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
      @Override
      public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup radioGroup, int id) {
        // Get view pager representing tabs.
        ViewPager view_pager = (ViewPager) TabsActivity.this.findViewById(R.id.tabs_view_pager);
        if (view_pager == null) {
          return;
        }

        // Change the active page.
        switch (id) {
          case R.id.first_radio_button: {
            view_pager.setCurrentItem(FIRST_PAGE);
          }
          break;
          case R.id.second_radio_button: {
            view_pager.setCurrentItem(SECOND_PAGE);
          }
          break;
          case R.id.third_radio_button: {
            view_pager.setCurrentItem(THIRD_PAGE);
          }
          break;
        }
      });
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onBackPressed() {
    if (!mPagerAdapter.back()) {
      super.onBackPressed();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Serves the fragments when paging.
   */
  private class PagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {

    public PagerAdapter(ViewPager container) {
      super(TabsActivity.this.getSupportFragmentManager());

      mContainer = container;
      mFragmentManager = TabsActivity.this.getSupportFragmentManager();

      // Prepare "empty" list of fragments.
      mFragments = new ArrayList<Fragment>(){};
      mBackFragments = new ArrayList<Fragment>(){};
      for (int i = 0; i < PAGE_COUNT; i++) {
        mFragments.add(null);
        mBackFragments.add(null);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the view pager fragment at specified position.
     */
    public void replace(int position, Fragment fragment) {
      // Get currently active fragment.
      Fragment old_fragment = mFragments.get(position);
      if (old_fragment == null) {
        return;
      }

      // Replace the fragment using transaction and in underlaying array list.
      // NOTE .addToBackStack(null) doesn't work
      this.startUpdate(mContainer);
      mFragmentManager.beginTransaction().setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN)
        .remove(old_fragment).add(mContainer.getId(), fragment)
        .commit();
      mFragments.set(position, fragment);
      this.notifyDataSetChanged();
      this.finishUpdate(mContainer);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the fragment at specified position and stores the current fragment to back stack
     * so it can be restored by #back().
     */
    public void start(int position, Fragment fragment) {
      // Remember current fragment.
      mBackFragments.set(position, mFragments.get(position));

      // Replace the displayed fragment.
      this.replace(position, fragment);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the current fragment by fragment stored in back stack. Does nothing and returns
     * false if no fragment is back-stacked.
     */
    public boolean back() {
      int position = mContainer.getCurrentItem();
      Fragment fragment = mBackFragments.get(position);
      if (fragment == null) {
        // Nothing to go back.
        return false;
      }

      // Restore the remembered fragment and remove it from back fragments.
      this.replace(position, fragment);
      mBackFragments.set(position, null);
      return true;
    }

    /**
     * Returns fragment of a page at specified position.
     */
    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {
      // If fragment not yet initialized, create its instance.
      if (mFragments.get(position) == null) {
        switch (position) {
          case FIRST_PAGE: {
            mFragments.set(FIRST_PAGE, new DefaultFirstFragment());
          }
          break;
          case SECOND_PAGE: {
            mFragments.set(SECOND_PAGE, new DefaultSecondFragment());
          }
          break;
          case THIRD_PAGE: {
            mFragments.set(THIRD_PAGE, new DefaultThirdFragment());
          }
          break;
        }
      }

      // Return fragment instance at requested position.
      return mFragments.get(position);
    }

    /**
     * Custom item ID resolution. Needed for proper page fragment caching.
     * @see FragmentPagerAdapter#getItemId(int).
     */
    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
      // Fragments from second level page hierarchy have their ID raised above 100. This is
      // important to FragmentPagerAdapter because it is caching fragments to FragmentManager with
      // this item ID key.
      Fragment item = mFragments.get(position);
      if (item != null) {
        if ((item instanceof NewFirstFragment) || (item instanceof NewSecondFragment) ||
          (item instanceof NewThirdFragment)) {
          return 100 + position;
        }
      }

      return position;
    }

    /**
     * Returns number of pages.
     */
    @Override
    public int getCount() {
      return mFragments.size();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object)
    {
      int position = POSITION_UNCHANGED;
      if ((object instanceof DefaultFirstFragment) || (object instanceof NewFirstFragment)) {
        if (object.getClass() != mFragments.get(FIRST_PAGE).getClass()) {
          position = POSITION_NONE;
        }
      }
      if ((object instanceof DefaultSecondragment) || (object instanceof NewSecondFragment)) {
        if (object.getClass() != mFragments.get(SECOND_PAGE).getClass()) {
          position = POSITION_NONE;
        }
      }
      if ((object instanceof DefaultThirdFragment) || (object instanceof NewThirdFragment)) {
        if (object.getClass() != mFragments.get(THIRD_PAGE).getClass()) {
          position = POSITION_NONE;
        }
      }
      return position;
    }

    private ViewPager mContainer;
    private FragmentManager mFragmentManager;

    /**
     * List of page fragments.
     */
    private List<Fragment> mFragments;

    /**
     * List of page fragments to return to in onBack();
     */
    private List<Fragment> mBackFragments;
  }

  /**
   * Tab fragments adapter.
   */
  private PagerAdapter mPagerAdapter;
}

Here's my relatively simple solution to this problem. The keys to this solution are to use FragmentStatePagerAdapter instead of FragmentPagerAdapter as the former will remove unused fragments for you while the later still retains their instances. The second is the use of POSITION_NONE in getItem(). I've used a simple List to keep track of my fragments. My requirement was to replace the entire list of fragments at once with a new list, but the below could be easily modified to replace individual fragments:

public class MyFragmentAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {
    private List<Fragment> fragmentList = new ArrayList<Fragment>();
    private List<String> tabTitleList = new ArrayList<String>();

    public MyFragmentAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
        super(fm);
    }

    public void addFragments(List<Fragment> fragments, List<String> titles) {
        fragmentList.clear();
        tabTitleList.clear();
        fragmentList.addAll(fragments);
        tabTitleList.addAll(titles);
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object) {
        if (fragmentList.contains(object)) {
            return POSITION_UNCHANGED;
        }
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int item) {
        if (item >= fragmentList.size()) {
            return null;
        }
        return fragmentList.get(item);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return fragmentList.size();
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
        return tabTitleList.get(position);
    }
}

还有另一种解决方案，不需要修改ViewPager和FragmentStatePagerAdapter的源代码，它与作者使用的FragmentPagerAdapter基类一起工作。

我想先回答作者的问题，他应该使用哪个ID;它是容器的ID，也就是视图分页器本身的ID。但是，正如您自己可能注意到的那样，在代码中使用该ID不会发生任何事情。我将解释为什么:

首先，要使ViewPager重新填充页面，需要调用驻留在适配器基类中的notifyDataSetChanged()。

其次，ViewPager使用getItemPosition()抽象方法来检查哪些页面应该销毁，哪些页面应该保留。这个函数的默认实现总是返回POSITION_UNCHANGED，这将导致ViewPager保留所有当前页面，从而不会附加新页面。因此，为了使片段替换工作，getItemPosition()需要在适配器中被重写，并且在使用旧的、要隐藏的片段作为参数调用时必须返回POSITION_NONE。

这也意味着你的适配器总是需要知道哪个片段应该显示在位置0,FirstPageFragment还是NextFragment。一种方法是在创建FirstPageFragment时提供一个侦听器，当切换片段时将调用该侦听器。我认为这是一件好事，让你的片段适配器处理所有的片段切换和调用ViewPager和FragmentManager。

第三，FragmentPagerAdapter通过从位置派生的名称来缓存使用的片段，因此，如果在位置0有一个片段，即使类是新的，它也不会被替换。有两种解决方案，但最简单的是使用FragmentTransaction的remove()函数，该函数也将删除其标记。

这是大量的文本，这里是代码，应该在你的情况下工作:

public class MyAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter
{
    static final int NUM_ITEMS = 2;
    private final FragmentManager mFragmentManager;
    private Fragment mFragmentAtPos0;

    public MyAdapter(FragmentManager fm)
    {
        super(fm);
        mFragmentManager = fm;
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position)
    {
        if (position == 0)
        {
            if (mFragmentAtPos0 == null)
            {
                mFragmentAtPos0 = FirstPageFragment.newInstance(new FirstPageFragmentListener()
                {
                    public void onSwitchToNextFragment()
                    {
                        mFragmentManager.beginTransaction().remove(mFragmentAtPos0).commit();
                        mFragmentAtPos0 = NextFragment.newInstance();
                        notifyDataSetChanged();
                    }
                });
            }
            return mFragmentAtPos0;
        }
        else
            return SecondPageFragment.newInstance();
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount()
    {
        return NUM_ITEMS;
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object)
    {
        if (object instanceof FirstPageFragment && mFragmentAtPos0 instanceof NextFragment)
            return POSITION_NONE;
        return POSITION_UNCHANGED;
    }
}

public interface FirstPageFragmentListener
{
    void onSwitchToNextFragment();
}

经过研究，我找到了短代码的解决方案。 首先，在fragment上创建一个公共实例，如果fragment没有在方向改变上重新创建，则在onSaveInstanceState上删除你的fragment。

 @Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    if (null != mCalFragment) {
        FragmentTransaction bt = getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        bt.remove(mFragment);
        bt.commit();
    }
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
}

基于@wize的回答，我发现它很有用，也很优雅，我可以部分实现我想要的，因为我想要电缆在被替换后回到第一个片段。我稍微修改了一下他的代码就实现了。

这将是FragmentPagerAdapter:

public static class MyAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {
    private final class CalendarPageListener implements
            CalendarPageFragmentListener {
        public void onSwitchToNextFragment() {
            mFragmentManager.beginTransaction().remove(mFragmentAtPos0)
                    .commit();
            if (mFragmentAtPos0 instanceof FirstFragment){
                mFragmentAtPos0 = NextFragment.newInstance(listener);
            }else{ // Instance of NextFragment
                mFragmentAtPos0 = FirstFragment.newInstance(listener);
            }
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    }

    CalendarPageListener listener = new CalendarPageListener();;
    private Fragment mFragmentAtPos0;
    private FragmentManager mFragmentManager;

    public MyAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
        super(fm);
        mFragmentManager = fm;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return NUM_ITEMS;
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object) {
        if (object instanceof FirstFragment && mFragmentAtPos0 instanceof NextFragment)
            return POSITION_NONE;
        if (object instanceof NextFragment && mFragmentAtPos0 instanceof FirstFragment)
            return POSITION_NONE;
        return POSITION_UNCHANGED;
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {
        if (position == 0)
            return Portada.newInstance();
        if (position == 1) { // Position where you want to replace fragments
            if (mFragmentAtPos0 == null) {
                mFragmentAtPos0 = FirstFragment.newInstance(listener);
            }
            return mFragmentAtPos0;
        }
        if (position == 2)
            return Clasificacion.newInstance();
        if (position == 3)
            return Informacion.newInstance();

        return null;
    }
}

public interface CalendarPageFragmentListener {
    void onSwitchToNextFragment();
}

要执行替换，只需定义一个静态字段，类型为CalendarPageFragmentListener，并通过相应片段的newInstance方法初始化，并分别调用firstfragment . pagelister . onswitchtonextfragment()或nextfragment . pagelister . onswitchtonextfragment()。