我已经实现了一个解决方案:

标签内的动态片段替换 维护每个选项卡的历史记录 处理方向变化

实现这一目标的技巧如下:

使用notifyDataSetChanged()方法来应用片段替换 片段管理器只用于后台，而不用于片段替换 使用纪念品模式(堆栈)维护历史记录

适配器代码如下:

public class TabsAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter implements ActionBar.TabListener, ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener {

/** The sherlock fragment activity. */
private final SherlockFragmentActivity mActivity;

/** The action bar. */
private final ActionBar mActionBar;

/** The pager. */
private final ViewPager mPager;

/** The tabs. */
private List<TabInfo> mTabs = new LinkedList<TabInfo>();

/** The total number of tabs. */
private int TOTAL_TABS;

private Map<Integer, Stack<TabInfo>> history = new HashMap<Integer, Stack<TabInfo>>();

/**
 * Creates a new instance.
 *
 * @param activity the activity
 * @param pager    the pager
 */
public TabsAdapter(SherlockFragmentActivity activity, ViewPager pager) {
    super(activity.getSupportFragmentManager());
    activity.getSupportFragmentManager();
    this.mActivity = activity;
    this.mActionBar = activity.getSupportActionBar();
    this.mPager = pager;
    mActionBar.setNavigationMode(ActionBar.NAVIGATION_MODE_TABS);
}

/**
 * Adds the tab.
 *
 * @param image         the image
 * @param fragmentClass the class
 * @param args          the arguments
 */
public void addTab(final Drawable image, final Class fragmentClass, final Bundle args) {
    final TabInfo tabInfo = new TabInfo(fragmentClass, args);
    final ActionBar.Tab tab = mActionBar.newTab();
    tab.setTabListener(this);
    tab.setTag(tabInfo);
    tab.setIcon(image);

    mTabs.add(tabInfo);
    mActionBar.addTab(tab);

    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

@Override
public Fragment getItem(final int position) {
    final TabInfo tabInfo = mTabs.get(position);
    return Fragment.instantiate(mActivity, tabInfo.fragmentClass.getName(), tabInfo.args);
}

@Override
public int getItemPosition(final Object object) {
    /* Get the current position. */
    int position = mActionBar.getSelectedTab().getPosition();

    /* The default value. */
    int pos = POSITION_NONE;
    if (history.get(position).isEmpty()) {
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }

    /* Checks if the object exists in current history. */
    for (Stack<TabInfo> stack : history.values()) {
        TabInfo c = stack.peek();
        if (c.fragmentClass.getName().equals(object.getClass().getName())) {
            pos = POSITION_UNCHANGED;
            break;
        }
    }
    return pos;
}

@Override
public int getCount() {
    return mTabs.size();
}

@Override
public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int arg0) {
}

@Override
public void onPageScrolled(int arg0, float arg1, int arg2) {
}

@Override
public void onPageSelected(int position) {
    mActionBar.setSelectedNavigationItem(position);
}

@Override
public void onTabSelected(final ActionBar.Tab tab, final FragmentTransaction ft) {
    TabInfo tabInfo = (TabInfo) tab.getTag();
    for (int i = 0; i < mTabs.size(); i++) {
        if (mTabs.get(i).equals(tabInfo)) {
            mPager.setCurrentItem(i);
        }
    }
}

@Override
public void onTabUnselected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
}

@Override
public void onTabReselected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
}

public void replace(final int position, final Class fragmentClass, final Bundle args) {
    /* Save the fragment to the history. */
    mActivity.getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().addToBackStack(null).commit();

    /* Update the tabs. */
    updateTabs(new TabInfo(fragmentClass, args), position);

    /* Updates the history. */
    history.get(position).push(new TabInfo(mTabs.get(position).fragmentClass, mTabs.get(position).args));

    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

/**
 * Updates the tabs.
 *
 * @param tabInfo
 *          the new tab info
 * @param position
 *          the position
 */
private void updateTabs(final TabInfo tabInfo, final int position) {
    mTabs.remove(position);
    mTabs.add(position, tabInfo);
    mActionBar.getTabAt(position).setTag(tabInfo);
}

/**
 * Creates the history using the current state.
 */
public void createHistory() {
    int position = 0;
    TOTAL_TABS = mTabs.size();
    for (TabInfo mTab : mTabs) {
        if (history.get(position) == null) {
            history.put(position, new Stack<TabInfo>());
        }
        history.get(position).push(new TabInfo(mTab.fragmentClass, mTab.args));
        position++;
    }
}

/**
 * Called on back
 */
public void back() {
    int position = mActionBar.getSelectedTab().getPosition();
    if (!historyIsEmpty(position)) {
        /* In case there is not any other item in the history, then finalize the activity. */
        if (isLastItemInHistory(position)) {
            mActivity.finish();
        }
        final TabInfo currentTabInfo = getPrevious(position);
        mTabs.clear();
        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TABS; i++) {
            if (i == position) {
                mTabs.add(new TabInfo(currentTabInfo.fragmentClass, currentTabInfo.args));
            } else {
                TabInfo otherTabInfo = history.get(i).peek();
                mTabs.add(new TabInfo(otherTabInfo.fragmentClass, otherTabInfo.args));
            }
        }
    }
    mActionBar.selectTab(mActionBar.getTabAt(position));
    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

/**
 * Returns if the history is empty.
 *
 * @param position
 *          the position
 * @return  the flag if empty
 */
private boolean historyIsEmpty(final int position) {
    return history == null || history.isEmpty() || history.get(position).isEmpty();
}

private boolean isLastItemInHistory(final int position) {
    return history.get(position).size() == 1;
}

/**
 * Returns the previous state by the position provided.
 *
 * @param position
 *          the position
 * @return  the tab info
 */
private TabInfo getPrevious(final int position) {
    TabInfo currentTabInfo = history.get(position).pop();
    if (!history.get(position).isEmpty()) {
        currentTabInfo = history.get(position).peek();
    }
    return currentTabInfo;
}

/** The tab info class */
private static class TabInfo {

    /** The fragment class. */
    public Class fragmentClass;

    /** The args.*/
    public Bundle args;

    /**
     * Creates a new instance.
     *
     * @param fragmentClass
     *          the fragment class
     * @param args
     *          the args
     */
    public TabInfo(Class fragmentClass, Bundle args) {
        this.fragmentClass = fragmentClass;
        this.args = args;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object o) {
        return this.fragmentClass.getName().equals(o.getClass().getName());
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return fragmentClass.getName() != null ? fragmentClass.getName().hashCode() : 0;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "TabInfo{" +
                "fragmentClass=" + fragmentClass +
                '}';
    }
}

第一次添加所有选项卡时，我们需要调用createHistory()方法来创建初始历史记录

public void createHistory() {
    int position = 0;
    TOTAL_TABS = mTabs.size();
    for (TabInfo mTab : mTabs) {
        if (history.get(position) == null) {
            history.put(position, new Stack<TabInfo>());
        }
        history.get(position).push(new TabInfo(mTab.fragmentClass, mTab.args));
        position++;
    }
}

每次你想要替换一个片段到一个特定的标签，你调用: replace(final int position, final Class fragmentClass, final Bundle args)

/* Save the fragment to the history. */
    mActivity.getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().addToBackStack(null).commit();

    /* Update the tabs. */
    updateTabs(new TabInfo(fragmentClass, args), position);

    /* Updates the history. */
    history.get(position).push(new TabInfo(mTabs.get(position).fragmentClass, mTabs.get(position).args));

    notifyDataSetChanged();

在back被按下时，你需要调用back()方法:

public void back() {
    int position = mActionBar.getSelectedTab().getPosition();
    if (!historyIsEmpty(position)) {
        /* In case there is not any other item in the history, then finalize the activity. */
        if (isLastItemInHistory(position)) {
            mActivity.finish();
        }
        final TabInfo currentTabInfo = getPrevious(position);
        mTabs.clear();
        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TABS; i++) {
            if (i == position) {
                mTabs.add(new TabInfo(currentTabInfo.fragmentClass, currentTabInfo.args));
            } else {
                TabInfo otherTabInfo = history.get(i).peek();
                mTabs.add(new TabInfo(otherTabInfo.fragmentClass, otherTabInfo.args));
            }
        }
    }
    mActionBar.selectTab(mActionBar.getTabAt(position));
    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

解决方案与夏洛克动作栏和滑动手势。

我也做了一个解决方案，那就是与Stacks合作。这是一种更模块化的方法，所以你不必在FragmentPagerAdapter中指定每个Fragment和Detail Fragment。它建立在ActionbarSherlock的示例之上，如果我是对的，它来自谷歌演示应用程序。

/**
 * This is a helper class that implements the management of tabs and all
 * details of connecting a ViewPager with associated TabHost.  It relies on a
 * trick.  Normally a tab host has a simple API for supplying a View or
 * Intent that each tab will show.  This is not sufficient for switching
 * between pages.  So instead we make the content part of the tab host
 * 0dp high (it is not shown) and the TabsAdapter supplies its own dummy
 * view to show as the tab content.  It listens to changes in tabs, and takes
 * care of switch to the correct paged in the ViewPager whenever the selected
 * tab changes.
 * 
 * Changed to support more Layers of fragments on each Tab.
 * by sebnapi (2012)
 * 
 */
public class TabsAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter
        implements TabHost.OnTabChangeListener, ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener {
    private final Context mContext;
    private final TabHost mTabHost;
    private final ViewPager mViewPager;

    private ArrayList<String> mTabTags = new ArrayList<String>();
    private HashMap<String, Stack<TabInfo>> mTabStackMap = new HashMap<String, Stack<TabInfo>>();

    static final class TabInfo {
        public final String tag;
        public final Class<?> clss;
        public Bundle args;

        TabInfo(String _tag, Class<?> _class, Bundle _args) {
            tag = _tag;
            clss = _class;
            args = _args;
        }
    }

    static class DummyTabFactory implements TabHost.TabContentFactory {
        private final Context mContext;

        public DummyTabFactory(Context context) {
            mContext = context;
        }

        @Override
        public View createTabContent(String tag) {
            View v = new View(mContext);
            v.setMinimumWidth(0);
            v.setMinimumHeight(0);
            return v;
        }
    }

    public interface SaveStateBundle{
        public Bundle onRemoveFragment(Bundle outState);
    }

    public TabsAdapter(FragmentActivity activity, TabHost tabHost, ViewPager pager) {
        super(activity.getSupportFragmentManager());
        mContext = activity;
        mTabHost = tabHost;
        mViewPager = pager;
        mTabHost.setOnTabChangedListener(this);
        mViewPager.setAdapter(this);
        mViewPager.setOnPageChangeListener(this);
    }

    /**
     * Add a Tab which will have Fragment Stack. Add Fragments on this Stack by using
     * addFragment(FragmentManager fm, String _tag, Class<?> _class, Bundle _args)
     * The Stack will hold always the default Fragment u add here.
     * 
     * DON'T ADD Tabs with same tag, it's not beeing checked and results in unexpected
     * beahvior.
     * 
     * @param tabSpec
     * @param clss
     * @param args
     */
    public void addTab(TabHost.TabSpec tabSpec, Class<?> clss, Bundle args){
        Stack<TabInfo> tabStack = new Stack<TabInfo>();

        tabSpec.setContent(new DummyTabFactory(mContext));
        mTabHost.addTab(tabSpec);
        String tag = tabSpec.getTag();
        TabInfo info = new TabInfo(tag, clss, args);

        mTabTags.add(tag);                  // to know the position of the tab tag 
        tabStack.add(info);
        mTabStackMap.put(tag, tabStack);
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    /**
     * Will add the Fragment to Tab with the Tag _tag. Provide the Class of the Fragment
     * it will be instantiated by this object. Proivde _args for your Fragment.
     * 
     * @param fm
     * @param _tag
     * @param _class
     * @param _args
     */
    public void addFragment(FragmentManager fm, String _tag, Class<?> _class, Bundle _args){
        TabInfo info = new TabInfo(_tag, _class, _args);
        Stack<TabInfo> tabStack = mTabStackMap.get(_tag);   
        Fragment frag = fm.findFragmentByTag("android:switcher:" + mViewPager.getId() + ":" + mTabTags.indexOf(_tag));
        if(frag instanceof SaveStateBundle){
            Bundle b = new Bundle();
            ((SaveStateBundle) frag).onRemoveFragment(b);
            tabStack.peek().args = b;
        }
        tabStack.add(info);
        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
        ft.remove(frag).commit();
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    /**
     * Will pop the Fragment added to the Tab with the Tag _tag
     * 
     * @param fm
     * @param _tag
     * @return
     */
    public boolean popFragment(FragmentManager fm, String _tag){
        Stack<TabInfo> tabStack = mTabStackMap.get(_tag);   
        if(tabStack.size()>1){
            tabStack.pop();
            Fragment frag = fm.findFragmentByTag("android:switcher:" + mViewPager.getId() + ":" + mTabTags.indexOf(_tag));
            FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
            ft.remove(frag).commit();
            notifyDataSetChanged();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public boolean back(FragmentManager fm) {
        int position = mViewPager.getCurrentItem();
        return popFragment(fm, mTabTags.get(position));
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mTabStackMap.size();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object) {
        ArrayList<Class<?>> positionNoneHack = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
        for(Stack<TabInfo> tabStack: mTabStackMap.values()){
            positionNoneHack.add(tabStack.peek().clss);
        }   // if the object class lies on top of our stacks, we return default
        if(positionNoneHack.contains(object.getClass())){
            return POSITION_UNCHANGED;
        }
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {
        Stack<TabInfo> tabStack = mTabStackMap.get(mTabTags.get(position));
        TabInfo info = tabStack.peek();
        return Fragment.instantiate(mContext, info.clss.getName(), info.args);
    }

    @Override
    public void onTabChanged(String tabId) {
        int position = mTabHost.getCurrentTab();
        mViewPager.setCurrentItem(position);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPageScrolled(int position, float positionOffset, int positionOffsetPixels) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onPageSelected(int position) {
        // Unfortunately when TabHost changes the current tab, it kindly
        // also takes care of putting focus on it when not in touch mode.
        // The jerk.
        // This hack tries to prevent this from pulling focus out of our
        // ViewPager.
        TabWidget widget = mTabHost.getTabWidget();
        int oldFocusability = widget.getDescendantFocusability();
        widget.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS);
        mTabHost.setCurrentTab(position);
        widget.setDescendantFocusability(oldFocusability);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int state) {
    }

}

在MainActivity中添加后退按钮功能:

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
  if (!mTabsAdapter.back(getSupportFragmentManager())) {
    super.onBackPressed();
  }
}

如果你想保存碎片状态，当它被删除。让你的Fragment实现接口SaveStateBundle在函数中返回一个带有你保存状态的bundle。通过this.getArguments()获得实例化后的bundle。

你可以这样实例化一个标签:

mTabsAdapter.addTab(mTabHost.newTabSpec("firstTabTag").setIndicator("First Tab Title"),
                FirstFragmentActivity.FirstFragmentFragment.class, null);

工作类似，如果你想添加一个片段在标签堆栈的顶部。 重要:我认为，如果你想在两个tab上有两个相同类的实例，这是行不通的。 我在一起很快就解决了这个问题，所以我只能分享它，没有提供任何经验。

tl;dr:使用一个主机片段，负责替换其托管内容，并跟踪回溯导航历史(如在浏览器中)。

由于您的用例由固定数量的选项卡组成，我的解决方案工作得很好:想法是用自定义类HostFragment的实例填充ViewPager，这能够替换其托管内容并保持自己的回溯导航历史。要替换托管的片段，你需要调用hostfragment.replaceFragment()方法:

public void replaceFragment(Fragment fragment, boolean addToBackstack) {
    if (addToBackstack) {
        getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.hosted_fragment, fragment).addToBackStack(null).commit();
    } else {
        getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.hosted_fragment, fragment).commit();
    }
}

该方法所做的就是用id R.id替换框架布局。Hosted_fragment和提供给方法的片段。

查看我关于这个主题的教程，了解更多细节和GitHub上完整的工作示例!

Here's my relatively simple solution to this problem. The keys to this solution are to use FragmentStatePagerAdapter instead of FragmentPagerAdapter as the former will remove unused fragments for you while the later still retains their instances. The second is the use of POSITION_NONE in getItem(). I've used a simple List to keep track of my fragments. My requirement was to replace the entire list of fragments at once with a new list, but the below could be easily modified to replace individual fragments:

public class MyFragmentAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {
    private List<Fragment> fragmentList = new ArrayList<Fragment>();
    private List<String> tabTitleList = new ArrayList<String>();

    public MyFragmentAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
        super(fm);
    }

    public void addFragments(List<Fragment> fragments, List<String> titles) {
        fragmentList.clear();
        tabTitleList.clear();
        fragmentList.addAll(fragments);
        tabTitleList.addAll(titles);
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object) {
        if (fragmentList.contains(object)) {
            return POSITION_UNCHANGED;
        }
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int item) {
        if (item >= fragmentList.size()) {
            return null;
        }
        return fragmentList.get(item);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return fragmentList.size();
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
        return tabTitleList.get(position);
    }
}

在你的onCreateView方法中，容器实际上是一个ViewPager实例。

所以，只是打电话

ViewPager vpViewPager = (ViewPager) container;
vpViewPager.setCurrentItem(1);

将改变当前片段在你的ViewPager。

我做了一些类似于wize的事情，但在我的回答中，你可以随时在两个片段之间更改。在改变屏幕方向之类的时候，我遇到了一些问题。这是PagerAdapter的样子:

    public class MyAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter
{
    static final int NUM_ITEMS = 2;
    private final FragmentManager mFragmentManager;
    private Fragment mFragmentAtPos0;
     private Map<Integer, String> mFragmentTags;
     private boolean isNextFragment=false;

    public MyAdapter(FragmentManager fm)
    {
        super(fm);
        mFragmentManager = fm;
         mFragmentTags = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position)
    {
        if (position == 0)
        {


            if (isPager) {
                mFragmentAtPos0 = new FirstPageFragment();
            } else {
                mFragmentAtPos0 = new NextFragment();
            }
            return mFragmentAtPos0;
        }
        else
            return SecondPageFragment.newInstance();
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount()
    {
        return NUM_ITEMS;
    }


 @Override
    public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {
        Object obj = super.instantiateItem(container, position);
        if (obj instanceof Fragment) {
            // record the fragment tag here.
            Fragment f = (Fragment) obj;
            String tag = f.getTag();
            mFragmentTags.put(position, tag);
        }
        return obj;
    }


    public void onChange(boolean isNextFragment) {

        if (mFragmentAtPos0 == null)
            mFragmentAtPos0 = getFragment(0);
        if (mFragmentAtPos0 != null)
            mFragmentManager.beginTransaction().remove(mFragmentAtPos0).commit();


        if (!isNextFragment) {
            mFragmentAtFlashcards = new FirstPageFragment();
        } else {
            mFragmentAtFlashcards = new NextFragment();
        }

        notifyDataSetChanged();


    }


    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object)
    {
        if (object instanceof FirstPageFragment && mFragmentAtPos0 instanceof NextFragment)
            return POSITION_NONE;
         if (object instanceof NextFragment && mFragmentAtPos0 instanceof FirstPageFragment)
            return POSITION_NONE;
        return POSITION_UNCHANGED;
    }


    public Fragment getFragment(int position) {
        String tag = mFragmentTags.get(position);
        if (tag == null)
            return null;
        return mFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(tag);
    }
}

我在适配器容器活动中实现的侦听器，用于在附加片段时将其放到片段中，这是活动:

    public class PagerContainerActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements ChangeFragmentListener {

//...

  @Override
    public void onChange(boolean isNextFragment) {
        if (pagerAdapter != null)
            pagerAdapter.onChange(isNextFragment);


    }

//...
}

然后在片段中放置侦听器，当附加调用它:

public class FirstPageFragment extends Fragment{


private ChangeFragmentListener changeFragmentListener;


//...
 @Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        super.onAttach(activity);
        changeFragmentListener = ((PagerContainerActivity) activity);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDetach() {
        super.onDetach();
        changeFragmentListener = null;
    }
//...
//in the on click to change the fragment
changeFragmentListener.onChange(true);
//...
}

最后是听众:

public interface changeFragmentListener {

    void onChange(boolean isNextFragment);

}