对于python 3.5，我根据前面的回答提出了函数。原木可能被移除，但它很好

import shlex
from subprocess import check_output, CalledProcessError, STDOUT


def cmdline(command):
    log("cmdline:{}".format(command))
    cmdArr = shlex.split(command)
    try:
        output = check_output(cmdArr,  stderr=STDOUT).decode()
        log("Success:{}".format(output))
    except (CalledProcessError) as e:
        output = e.output.decode()
        log("Fail:{}".format(output))
    except (Exception) as e:
        output = str(e);
        log("Fail:{}".format(e))
    return str(output)


def log(msg):
    msg = str(msg)
    d_date = datetime.datetime.now()
    now = str(d_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
    print(now + " " + msg)
    if ("LOG_FILE" in globals()):
        with open(LOG_FILE, "a") as myfile:
            myfile.write(now + " " + msg + "\n")

在Python 3.7+中，你可以为subprocess.run使用新的capture_output=关键字参数:

import subprocess

p = subprocess.run(["echo", "hello world!"], capture_output=True, text=True)
assert p.stdout == 'hello world!\n'

这对我来说非常合适:

import subprocess
try:
    #prints results and merges stdout and std
    result = subprocess.check_output("echo %USERNAME%", stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True)
    print result
    #causes error and merges stdout and stderr
    result = subprocess.check_output("copy testfds", stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError, ex: # error code <> 0 
    print "--------error------"
    print ex.cmd
    print ex.message
    print ex.returncode
    print ex.output # contains stdout and stderr together 

在Python 2.7或Python 3中

不用直接创建Popen对象，你可以使用subprocess.check_output()函数将命令的输出存储在字符串中:

from subprocess import check_output
out = check_output(["ntpq", "-p"])

在Python 2.4-2.6中

使用沟通方法。

import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen(["ntpq", "-p"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
out, err = p.communicate()

出去是你想要的。

关于其他答案的重要提示

注意我是如何传入命令的。“ntpq -p”示例引出了另一个问题。由于Popen不调用shell，因此可以使用命令和选项的列表- ["ntpq"， "-p"]。

下面将在单个变量中捕获流程的stdout和stderr。它兼容Python 2和3:

from subprocess import check_output, CalledProcessError, STDOUT

command = ["ls", "-l"]
try:
    output = check_output(command, stderr=STDOUT).decode()
    success = True 
except CalledProcessError as e:
    output = e.output.decode()
    success = False

如果你的命令是一个字符串而不是一个数组，用前缀this:

import shlex
command = shlex.split(command)

这对我来说太完美了。 您将在元组中获得返回代码、stdout和stderr。

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

def console(cmd):
    p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=PIPE)
    out, err = p.communicate()
    return (p.returncode, out, err)

例如:

result = console('ls -l')
print 'returncode: %s' % result[0]
print 'output: %s' % result[1]
print 'error: %s' % result[2]