在Python 3.7+中，你可以为subprocess.run使用新的capture_output=关键字参数:

import subprocess

p = subprocess.run(["echo", "hello world!"], capture_output=True, text=True)
assert p.stdout == 'hello world!\n'

公认的答案仍然很好，只是对更新的功能做了一些评论。从python 3.6开始，你可以直接在check_output中处理编码，参见文档。现在返回一个字符串对象:

import subprocess 
out = subprocess.check_output(["ls", "-l"], encoding="utf-8")

在python 3.7中，subprocess.run()中添加了一个参数capture_output，它为我们做了一些Popen/PIPE处理，请参阅python文档:

import subprocess 
p2 = subprocess.run(["ls", "-l"], capture_output=True, encoding="utf-8")
p2.stdout

Python 2: http://docs.python.org/2/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.Popen

from subprocess import PIPE, Popen

command = "ntpq -p"
process = Popen(command, stdout=PIPE, stderr=None, shell=True)
output = process.communicate()[0]
print output

在Popen构造函数中，如果shell为True，则应该将命令作为字符串而不是序列传递。否则，只需将命令拆分为一个列表:

command = ["ntpq", "-p"]
process = Popen(command, stdout=PIPE, stderr=None)

如果你还需要读取标准错误到Popen初始化中，你应该将stderr设置为PIPE或STDOUT:

command = "ntpq -p"
process = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, shell=True)
output, error = process.communicate()

注意:从Python 2.7开始，你可以/应该利用subprocess。# subprocess.check_output check_output (https://docs.python.org/2/library/subprocess.html)。

Python 3: https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.Popen

from subprocess import PIPE, Popen

command = "ntpq -p"
with Popen(command, stdout=PIPE, stderr=None, shell=True) as process:
    output = process.communicate()[0].decode("utf-8")
    print(output)

注意:如果你的目标只是Python版本高于或等于3.5，那么你可以/应该利用subprocess.run (https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.run)。

在Python 3.7+中，你可以为subprocess.run使用新的capture_output=关键字参数:

import subprocess

p = subprocess.run(["echo", "hello world!"], capture_output=True, text=True)
assert p.stdout == 'hello world!\n'

我根据其他答案写了一个小函数:

def pexec(*args):
    return subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0].rstrip()

用法:

changeset = pexec('hg','id','--id')
branch = pexec('hg','id','--branch')
revnum = pexec('hg','id','--num')
print('%s : %s (%s)' % (revnum, changeset, branch))

对于python 3.5，我根据前面的回答提出了函数。原木可能被移除，但它很好

import shlex
from subprocess import check_output, CalledProcessError, STDOUT


def cmdline(command):
    log("cmdline:{}".format(command))
    cmdArr = shlex.split(command)
    try:
        output = check_output(cmdArr,  stderr=STDOUT).decode()
        log("Success:{}".format(output))
    except (CalledProcessError) as e:
        output = e.output.decode()
        log("Fail:{}".format(output))
    except (Exception) as e:
        output = str(e);
        log("Fail:{}".format(e))
    return str(output)


def log(msg):
    msg = str(msg)
    d_date = datetime.datetime.now()
    now = str(d_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
    print(now + " " + msg)
    if ("LOG_FILE" in globals()):
        with open(LOG_FILE, "a") as myfile:
            myfile.write(now + " " + msg + "\n")