用Python打印XML的最佳方法(或各种方法)是什么?


当前回答

LXML是最近更新的,包含一个漂亮的打印函数

import lxml.etree as etree

x = etree.parse("filename")
print etree.tostring(x, pretty_print=True)

查看lxml教程: http://lxml.de/tutorial.html

其他回答

使用etree。缩进和etree.tostring

import lxml.etree as etree

root = etree.fromstring('<html><head></head><body><h1>Welcome</h1></body></html>')
etree.indent(root, space="  ")
xml_string = etree.tostring(root, pretty_print=True).decode()
print(xml_string)

输出

<html>
  <head/>
  <body>
    <h1>Welcome</h1>
  </body>
</html>

删除名称空间和前缀

import lxml.etree as etree


def dump_xml(element):
    for item in element.getiterator():
        item.tag = etree.QName(item).localname

    etree.cleanup_namespaces(element)
    etree.indent(element, space="  ")
    result = etree.tostring(element, pretty_print=True).decode()
    return result


root = etree.fromstring('<cs:document xmlns:cs="http://blabla.com"><name>hello world</name></cs:document>')
xml_string = dump_xml(root)
print(xml_string)

输出

<document>
  <name>hello world</name>
</document>

从Python 3.9开始,ElementTree有一个用于漂亮打印XML树的indent()函数。

见https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html # xml.etree.ElementTree.indent。

示例用法:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

element = ET.XML("<html><body>text</body></html>")
ET.indent(element)
print(ET.tostring(element, encoding='unicode'))

好处是它不需要任何额外的库。欲了解更多信息,请访问https://bugs.python.org/issue14465和https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/15200

下面是一个Python3解决方案,它消除了难看的换行符问题(大量空白),并且与大多数其他实现不同,它只使用标准库。

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import xml.dom.minidom
import os

def pretty_print_xml_given_root(root, output_xml):
    """
    Useful for when you are editing xml data on the fly
    """
    xml_string = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(ET.tostring(root)).toprettyxml()
    xml_string = os.linesep.join([s for s in xml_string.splitlines() if s.strip()]) # remove the weird newline issue
    with open(output_xml, "w") as file_out:
        file_out.write(xml_string)

def pretty_print_xml_given_file(input_xml, output_xml):
    """
    Useful for when you want to reformat an already existing xml file
    """
    tree = ET.parse(input_xml)
    root = tree.getroot()
    pretty_print_xml_given_root(root, output_xml)

我找到了如何修复常见的换行符问题在这里。

我发现了一个快速简单的方法来格式化和打印一个xml文件:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

xmlTree = ET.parse('your XML file')
xmlRoot = xmlTree.getroot()
xmlDoc =  ET.tostring(xmlRoot, encoding="unicode")

print(xmlDoc)

Outuput:

<root>
  <child>
    <subchild>.....</subchild>
  </child>
  <child>
    <subchild>.....</subchild>
  </child>
  ...
  ...
  ...
  <child>
    <subchild>.....</subchild>
  </child>
</root>

另一个解决方案是借用这个缩进函数,用于自2.5以来内置在Python中的ElementTree库。 下面是它的样子:

from xml.etree import ElementTree

def indent(elem, level=0):
    i = "\n" + level*"  "
    j = "\n" + (level-1)*"  "
    if len(elem):
        if not elem.text or not elem.text.strip():
            elem.text = i + "  "
        if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
            elem.tail = i
        for subelem in elem:
            indent(subelem, level+1)
        if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
            elem.tail = j
    else:
        if level and (not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip()):
            elem.tail = j
    return elem        

root = ElementTree.parse('/tmp/xmlfile').getroot()
indent(root)
ElementTree.dump(root)