curry是将一个有n个参数的函数转换为n个每个函数都有一个参数的函数。给定以下函数:

function f(x,y,z) { z(x(y));}

咖喱后，变成:

function f(x) { lambda(y) { lambda(z) { z(x(y)); } } }

为了得到f(x,y,z)的完整应用，你需要这样做:

f(x)(y)(z);

许多函数式语言允许你写fx y z。如果你只调用fx y或f(x)(y)，那么你会得到一个部分应用的函数——返回值是lambda(z){z(x(y))}的闭包，将x和y的值传递给f(x,y)。

使用部分应用的一种方法是将函数定义为广义函数的部分应用，如fold:

function fold(combineFunction, accumulator, list) {/* ... */}
function sum     = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,e){e+accum}))(0);
function length  = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,_){1+accum})(empty-list);
function reverse = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,e){concat(e,accum)})(empty-list);

/* ... */
@list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
sum(list) //returns 10
@f = fold(lambda(accum,e){e+accum}) //f = lambda(accumulator,list) {/*...*/}
f(0,list) //returns 10
@g = f(0) //same as sum
g(list)  //returns 10

注意:本文摘自f# Basics，这是一篇非常好的介绍性文章，供。net开发人员学习函数式编程。

Currying means breaking a function with many arguments into a series of functions that each take one argument and ultimately produce the same result as the original function. Currying is probably the most challenging topic for developers new to functional programming, particularly because it is often confused with partial application. You can see both at work in this example: let multiply x y = x * y let double = multiply 2 let ten = double 5 Right away, you should see behavior that is different from most imperative languages. The second statement creates a new function called double by passing one argument to a function that takes two. The result is a function that accepts one int argument and yields the same output as if you had called multiply with x equal to 2 and y equal to that argument. In terms of behavior, it’s the same as this code: let double2 z = multiply 2 z Often, people mistakenly say that multiply is curried to form double. But this is only somewhat true. The multiply function is curried, but that happens when it is defined because functions in F# are curried by default. When the double function is created, it’s more accurate to say that the multiply function is partially applied. The multiply function is really a series of two functions. The first function takes one int argument and returns another function, effectively binding x to a specific value. This function also accepts an int argument that you can think of as the value to bind to y. After calling this second function, x and y are both bound, so the result is the product of x and y as defined in the body of double. To create double, the first function in the chain of multiply functions is evaluated to partially apply multiply. The resulting function is given the name double. When double is evaluated, it uses its argument along with the partially applied value to create the result.

在写这篇文章时，我混淆了咖喱和不咖喱。它们是函数的逆变换。不管你怎么称呼它，只要你知道这个变换和它的逆代表什么。

不咖喱的定义不是很清楚(或者说，有“冲突”的定义都抓住了这个想法的精神)。基本上，这意味着将一个接受多个参数的函数转换为一个接受单个参数的函数。例如,

(+) :: Int -> Int -> Int

现在，你如何把它变成一个只有一个参数的函数呢?你当然作弊了!

plus :: (Int, Int) -> Int

注意，加号现在只有一个参数(由两件事组成)。超级!

这有什么意义?好吧，如果你有一个带两个参数的函数，你有一对参数，知道你可以把函数应用到参数上，并且仍然得到你想要的是很好的。事实上，这样做的管道已经存在，所以你不需要做像显式模式匹配这样的事情。你所要做的就是:

(uncurry (+)) (1,2)

什么是偏函数应用?将有两个参数的函数转换为只有一个参数的函数是另一种方法。但它的工作方式不同。同样，让我们以(+)为例。我们如何将它转换为一个以单个Int作为参数的函数?我们作弊!

((+) 0) :: Int -> Int

这是一个函数，将0加到任何Int。

((+) 1) :: Int -> Int

对任意Int值加1。等。在每一种情况下，(+)是“部分应用”。

curry是将一个有n个参数的函数转换为n个每个函数都有一个参数的函数。给定以下函数:

function f(x,y,z) { z(x(y));}

咖喱后，变成:

function f(x) { lambda(y) { lambda(z) { z(x(y)); } } }

为了得到f(x,y,z)的完整应用，你需要这样做:

f(x)(y)(z);

许多函数式语言允许你写fx y z。如果你只调用fx y或f(x)(y)，那么你会得到一个部分应用的函数——返回值是lambda(z){z(x(y))}的闭包，将x和y的值传递给f(x,y)。

使用部分应用的一种方法是将函数定义为广义函数的部分应用，如fold:

function fold(combineFunction, accumulator, list) {/* ... */}
function sum     = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,e){e+accum}))(0);
function length  = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,_){1+accum})(empty-list);
function reverse = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,e){concat(e,accum)})(empty-list);

/* ... */
@list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
sum(list) //returns 10
@f = fold(lambda(accum,e){e+accum}) //f = lambda(accumulator,list) {/*...*/}
f(0,list) //returns 10
@g = f(0) //same as sum
g(list)  //returns 10

要了解它们的不同之处，最简单的方法是考虑一个真实的例子。让我们假设我们有一个函数Add，它接受2个数字作为输入，并返回一个数字作为输出，例如Add(7,5)返回12。在这种情况下:

Partial applying the function Add with a value 7 will give us a new function as output. That function itself takes 1 number as input and outputs a number. As such: Partial(Add, 7); // returns a function f2 as output // f2 takes 1 number as input and returns a number as output So we can do this: f2 = Partial(Add, 7); f2(5); // returns 12; // f2(7)(5) is just a syntactic shortcut Currying the function Add will give us a new function as output. That function itself takes 1 number as input and outputs yet another new function. That third function then takes 1 number as input and returns a number as output. As such: Curry(Add); // returns a function f2 as output // f2 takes 1 number as input and returns a function f3 as output // i.e. f2(number) = f3 // f3 takes 1 number as input and returns a number as output // i.e. f3(number) = number So we can do this: f2 = Curry(Add); f3 = f2(7); f3(5); // returns 12

换句话说，“套用”和“局部应用”是两种完全不同的功能。curry只需要1个输入，而partial应用程序需要2个(或更多)输入。

尽管它们都返回一个函数作为输出，但返回的函数是完全不同的形式，如上所述。

局部套用

维基百科上说

curry是一种将带有多个参数的函数转换为带有单个参数的函数序列的技术。

例子

const add = (a, b) => a + b

const addC = (a) => (b) => a + b // curried function. Where C means curried

部分应用程序

文章刚刚好FP:部分应用

部分应用是将部分(而不是全部)参数应用到函数，并返回一个新函数等待其余参数。这些应用的参数存储在闭包中，并且将来对任何部分应用的返回函数仍然可用。

例子

const add = (a) => (b) => a + b

const add3 = add(3) // add3 is a partially applied function

add3(5) // 8

区别在于

咖喱是一种技术(模式) Partial application是一个带有一些预定义参数的函数(如前面示例中的add3)