curry是将一个有n个参数的函数转换为n个每个函数都有一个参数的函数。给定以下函数:

function f(x,y,z) { z(x(y));}

咖喱后，变成:

function f(x) { lambda(y) { lambda(z) { z(x(y)); } } }

为了得到f(x,y,z)的完整应用，你需要这样做:

f(x)(y)(z);

许多函数式语言允许你写fx y z。如果你只调用fx y或f(x)(y)，那么你会得到一个部分应用的函数——返回值是lambda(z){z(x(y))}的闭包，将x和y的值传递给f(x,y)。

使用部分应用的一种方法是将函数定义为广义函数的部分应用，如fold:

function fold(combineFunction, accumulator, list) {/* ... */}
function sum     = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,e){e+accum}))(0);
function length  = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,_){1+accum})(empty-list);
function reverse = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,e){concat(e,accum)})(empty-list);

/* ... */
@list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
sum(list) //returns 10
@f = fold(lambda(accum,e){e+accum}) //f = lambda(accumulator,list) {/*...*/}
f(0,list) //returns 10
@g = f(0) //same as sum
g(list)  //returns 10

有趣的问题。经过一番搜索，“部分函数应用程序不是咖喱”给出了我找到的最好的解释。我不能说实际的区别对我来说特别明显，但我不是一个FP专家……

另一个看起来很有用的页面(我承认我还没有完全读完)是“用Java闭包curry和Partial Application”。

注意，这看起来确实是一对被广泛混淆的术语。

curry是将一个有n个参数的函数转换为n个每个函数都有一个参数的函数。给定以下函数:

function f(x,y,z) { z(x(y));}

咖喱后，变成:

function f(x) { lambda(y) { lambda(z) { z(x(y)); } } }

为了得到f(x,y,z)的完整应用，你需要这样做:

f(x)(y)(z);

许多函数式语言允许你写fx y z。如果你只调用fx y或f(x)(y)，那么你会得到一个部分应用的函数——返回值是lambda(z){z(x(y))}的闭包，将x和y的值传递给f(x,y)。

使用部分应用的一种方法是将函数定义为广义函数的部分应用，如fold:

function fold(combineFunction, accumulator, list) {/* ... */}
function sum     = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,e){e+accum}))(0);
function length  = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,_){1+accum})(empty-list);
function reverse = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,e){concat(e,accum)})(empty-list);

/* ... */
@list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
sum(list) //returns 10
@f = fold(lambda(accum,e){e+accum}) //f = lambda(accumulator,list) {/*...*/}
f(0,list) //returns 10
@g = f(0) //same as sum
g(list)  //returns 10

在学习的过程中，我经常有这个问题，后来也被问过很多次。我能描述的最简单的方式是两者都是一样的:)让我解释一下…有明显的区别。

部分应用程序和curry都涉及向函数提供参数，可能不是一次全部提供。一个相当典型的例子是两个数字相加。在伪代码(实际上是没有关键字的JS)中，基函数可能如下所示:

add = (x, y) => x + y

如果我想要一个“addOne”函数，我可以部分应用它或curry它:

addOneC = curry(add, 1)
addOneP = partial(add, 1)

现在使用它们是很清楚的:

addOneC(2) #=> 3
addOneP(2) #=> 3

那么有什么不同呢?好吧，这很微妙，但部分应用程序涉及提供一些参数，然后返回的函数将在下次调用时执行主函数，而curry将一直等待，直到它拥有所有必要的参数:

curriedAdd = curry(add) # notice, no args are provided
addOne = curriedAdd(1) # returns a function that can be used to provide the last argument
addOne(2) #=> returns 3, as we want

partialAdd = partial(add) # no args provided, but this still returns a function
addOne = partialAdd(1) # oops! can only use a partially applied function once, so now we're trying to add one to an undefined value (no second argument), and we get an error

简而言之，使用partial application预填充一些值，知道下次调用该方法时，它将执行，所有未提供的参数都未定义;当您希望连续多次返回部分应用的函数以实现函数签名时，请使用curry。最后一个人为的例子:

curriedAdd = curry(add)
curriedAdd()()()()()(1)(2) # ugly and dumb, but it works

partialAdd = partial(add)
partialAdd()()()()()(1)(2) # second invocation of those 7 calls fires it off with undefined parameters

希望这能有所帮助!

更新:一些语言或库实现将允许您传递一个arity(最终计算中的参数总数)到部分应用程序实现，这可能会将我的两个描述合并成令人困惑的混乱…但在这一点上，这两种技术在很大程度上是可以互换的。

注意:本文摘自f# Basics，这是一篇非常好的介绍性文章，供。net开发人员学习函数式编程。

Currying means breaking a function with many arguments into a series of functions that each take one argument and ultimately produce the same result as the original function. Currying is probably the most challenging topic for developers new to functional programming, particularly because it is often confused with partial application. You can see both at work in this example: let multiply x y = x * y let double = multiply 2 let ten = double 5 Right away, you should see behavior that is different from most imperative languages. The second statement creates a new function called double by passing one argument to a function that takes two. The result is a function that accepts one int argument and yields the same output as if you had called multiply with x equal to 2 and y equal to that argument. In terms of behavior, it’s the same as this code: let double2 z = multiply 2 z Often, people mistakenly say that multiply is curried to form double. But this is only somewhat true. The multiply function is curried, but that happens when it is defined because functions in F# are curried by default. When the double function is created, it’s more accurate to say that the multiply function is partially applied. The multiply function is really a series of two functions. The first function takes one int argument and returns another function, effectively binding x to a specific value. This function also accepts an int argument that you can think of as the value to bind to y. After calling this second function, x and y are both bound, so the result is the product of x and y as defined in the body of double. To create double, the first function in the chain of multiply functions is evaluated to partially apply multiply. The resulting function is given the name double. When double is evaluated, it uses its argument along with the partially applied value to create the result.

我在另一个帖子https://stackoverflow.com/a/12846865/1685865中回答了这个问题。简而言之，部分函数应用是关于固定一个给定的多变量函数的一些参数，以产生另一个具有更少参数的函数，而Currying是关于将一个有N个参数的函数转换为一个返回一元函数的一元函数…[一个curry的例子显示在这篇文章的最后。]

curry主要是理论方面的兴趣:可以只用一元函数来表示计算(即每个函数都是一元函数)。在实践中，它是一种技术，可以使许多有用的(但不是全部)部分函数式应用程序变得微不足道，如果语言有咖喱函数的话。同样，它不是实现部分应用程序的唯一方法。所以你可能会遇到这样的情况，部分应用程序是用其他方式完成的，但人们会把它误认为是curry。

(以咖喱为例)

在实践中，人们不只是写

lambda x: lambda y: lambda z: x + y + z

或者等价的javascript

function (x) { return function (y){ return function (z){ return x + y + z }}}

而不是

lambda x, y, z: x + y + z

为了柯里林。