局部套用

维基百科上说

curry是一种将带有多个参数的函数转换为带有单个参数的函数序列的技术。

例子

const add = (a, b) => a + b

const addC = (a) => (b) => a + b // curried function. Where C means curried

部分应用程序

文章刚刚好FP:部分应用

部分应用是将部分(而不是全部)参数应用到函数，并返回一个新函数等待其余参数。这些应用的参数存储在闭包中，并且将来对任何部分应用的返回函数仍然可用。

例子

const add = (a) => (b) => a + b

const add3 = add(3) // add3 is a partially applied function

add3(5) // 8

区别在于

咖喱是一种技术(模式) Partial application是一个带有一些预定义参数的函数(如前面示例中的add3)

curry是将一个有n个参数的函数转换为n个每个函数都有一个参数的函数。给定以下函数:

function f(x,y,z) { z(x(y));}

咖喱后，变成:

function f(x) { lambda(y) { lambda(z) { z(x(y)); } } }

为了得到f(x,y,z)的完整应用，你需要这样做:

f(x)(y)(z);

许多函数式语言允许你写fx y z。如果你只调用fx y或f(x)(y)，那么你会得到一个部分应用的函数——返回值是lambda(z){z(x(y))}的闭包，将x和y的值传递给f(x,y)。

使用部分应用的一种方法是将函数定义为广义函数的部分应用，如fold:

function fold(combineFunction, accumulator, list) {/* ... */}
function sum     = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,e){e+accum}))(0);
function length  = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,_){1+accum})(empty-list);
function reverse = curry(fold)(lambda(accum,e){concat(e,accum)})(empty-list);

/* ... */
@list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
sum(list) //returns 10
@f = fold(lambda(accum,e){e+accum}) //f = lambda(accumulator,list) {/*...*/}
f(0,list) //returns 10
@g = f(0) //same as sum
g(list)  //returns 10

注意:本文摘自f# Basics，这是一篇非常好的介绍性文章，供。net开发人员学习函数式编程。

Currying means breaking a function with many arguments into a series of functions that each take one argument and ultimately produce the same result as the original function. Currying is probably the most challenging topic for developers new to functional programming, particularly because it is often confused with partial application. You can see both at work in this example: let multiply x y = x * y let double = multiply 2 let ten = double 5 Right away, you should see behavior that is different from most imperative languages. The second statement creates a new function called double by passing one argument to a function that takes two. The result is a function that accepts one int argument and yields the same output as if you had called multiply with x equal to 2 and y equal to that argument. In terms of behavior, it’s the same as this code: let double2 z = multiply 2 z Often, people mistakenly say that multiply is curried to form double. But this is only somewhat true. The multiply function is curried, but that happens when it is defined because functions in F# are curried by default. When the double function is created, it’s more accurate to say that the multiply function is partially applied. The multiply function is really a series of two functions. The first function takes one int argument and returns another function, effectively binding x to a specific value. This function also accepts an int argument that you can think of as the value to bind to y. After calling this second function, x and y are both bound, so the result is the product of x and y as defined in the body of double. To create double, the first function in the chain of multiply functions is evaluated to partially apply multiply. The resulting function is given the name double. When double is evaluated, it uses its argument along with the partially applied value to create the result.

curry是一个只有一个参数的函数，它接受一个函数f，并返回一个新函数h。注意，h接受一个X的参数，并返回一个将Y映射到Z的函数:

curry(f) = h 
f: (X x Y) -> Z 
h: X -> (Y -> Z)

部分应用是一个有两个(或多个)参数的函数，它接受一个函数f和一个或多个附加参数，并返回一个新函数g:

part(f, 2) = g
f: (X x Y) -> Z 
g: Y -> Z

出现混淆是因为对于一个双参数函数，下面的等式成立:

partial(f, a) = curry(f)(a)

两边都将产生相同的单参数函数。

对于更高的函数，相等性不成立，因为在这种情况下，curry将返回一个单参数函数，而partial应用将返回一个多参数函数。

不同之处在于行为上，curry会递归地转换整个原始函数(每个参数一次)，而局部应用只是一步替换。

来源:维基百科。

对于我来说，部分应用程序必须创建一个新函数，其中使用的参数完全集成到结果函数中。

大多数函数式语言通过返回一个闭包来实现curry:当部分应用时，不要在lambda下求值。所以，为了让部分应用变得有趣，我们需要在局部应用和局部应用之间做出区别，并将局部应用视为在lambda下的局部应用加上求值。

这里的很多人都没有正确地解决这个问题，也没有人谈论过重叠。

简单的答案

curry:让你调用一个函数，把它分成多个调用，每次调用提供一个参数。

部分应用:允许你调用一个函数，把它分成多个调用，每次调用提供多个参数。

两者之间的重要区别之一是调用 部分应用的函数立即返回结果，而不是另一个 沿着咖喱链;这种区别可以用例子来说明 显然，对于集度大于2的函数。

这是什么意思?这意味着对一个局部函数最多有两次调用。curry的参数和参数的数量一样多。如果curry函数只有两个参数，那么它本质上与偏函数相同。

例子

部分应用和咖喱

function bothPartialAndCurry(firstArgument) {
    return function(secondArgument) {
        return firstArgument + secondArgument;
    }
}

const partialAndCurry = bothPartialAndCurry(1);
const result = partialAndCurry(2);

部分应用程序

function partialOnly(firstArgument, secondArgument) {
    return function(thirdArgument, fourthArgument, fifthArgument) {
        return firstArgument + secondArgument + thirdArgument + fourthArgument + fifthArgument;
    }
}

const partial = partialOnly(1, 2);
const result = partial(3, 4, 5);

局部套用

function curryOnly(firstArgument) {
    return function(secondArgument) {
        return function(thirdArgument) {
            return function(fourthArgument ) {
                return function(fifthArgument) {
                    return firstArgument + secondArgument + thirdArgument + fourthArgument + fifthArgument;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

const curryFirst = curryOnly(1);
const currySecond = curryFirst(2);
const curryThird = currySecond(3);
const curryFourth = curryThird(4);
const result = curryFourth(5);

// or...

const result = curryOnly(1)(2)(3)(4)(5);

命名约定

等我有时间再写，很快就有时间了。