使用os.path.splitext：

>>> import os
>>> filename, file_extension = os.path.splitext('/path/to/somefile.ext')
>>> filename
'/path/to/somefile'
>>> file_extension
'.ext'

与大多数手动字符串拆分尝试不同，os.path.splitext将正确地将/a/b.c/d视为没有扩展名而不是扩展名.c/d，并将.bashrc视为没有延伸名而不是具有扩展名.bashrc：

>>> os.path.splitext('/a/b.c/d')
('/a/b.c/d', '')
>>> os.path.splitext('.bashrc')
('.bashrc', '')

我知道我迟到了

这是我的简单解决方案

file = '/foo/bar/whatever.ext'
extension = file.split('.')[-1]
print(extension)

#output will be ext

此方法需要字典、列表或集合。您可以使用内置字符串方法使用“.endswitch”。这将在文件末尾的列表中搜索名称，只需使用str.endswith（fileName[index]）即可完成。这更多用于获取和比较扩展名。

https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#string-方法

示例1：

dictonary = {0:".tar.gz", 1:".txt", 2:".exe", 3:".js", 4:".java", 5:".python", 6:".ruby",7:".c", 8:".bash", 9:".ps1", 10:".html", 11:".html5", 12:".css", 13:".json", 14:".abc"} 
for x in dictonary.values():
    str = "file" + x
    str.endswith(x, str.index("."), len(str))

示例2：

set1 = {".tar.gz", ".txt", ".exe", ".js", ".java", ".python", ".ruby", ".c", ".bash", ".ps1", ".html", ".html5", ".css", ".json", ".abc"}
for x in set1:
   str = "file" + x
   str.endswith(x, str.index("."), len(str))

示例3：

fileName = [".tar.gz", ".txt", ".exe", ".js", ".java", ".python", ".ruby", ".c", ".bash", ".ps1", ".html", ".html5", ".css", ".json", ".abc"];
for x in range(0, len(fileName)):
    str = "file" + fileName[x]
    str.endswith(fileName[x], str.index("."), len(str))

示例4

fileName = [".tar.gz", ".txt", ".exe", ".js", ".java", ".python", ".ruby", ".c", ".bash", ".ps1", ".html", ".html5", ".css", ".json", ".abc"];
str = "file.txt"
str.endswith(fileName[1], str.index("."), len(str))

具有输出的示例5、6、7

示例8

fileName = [".tar.gz", ".txt", ".exe", ".js", ".java", ".python", ".ruby", ".c", ".bash", ".ps1", ".html", ".html5", ".css", ".json", ".abc"];
exts = []
str = "file.txt"
for x in range(0, len(x)):
    if str.endswith(fileName[1]) == 1:
         exts += [x]
     

def NewFileName(fichier):
    cpt = 0
    fic , *ext =  fichier.split('.')
    ext = '.'.join(ext)
    while os.path.isfile(fichier):
        cpt += 1
        fichier = '{0}-({1}).{2}'.format(fic, cpt, ext)
    return fichier

另一种右拆分解决方案：

# to get extension only

s = 'test.ext'

if '.' in s: ext = s.rsplit('.', 1)[1]

# or, to get file name and extension

def split_filepath(s):
    """
    get filename and extension from filepath 
    filepath -> (filename, extension)
    """
    if not '.' in s: return (s, '')
    r = s.rsplit('.', 1)
    return (r[0], r[1])

从Python中的文件名提取扩展名

Python os模块splitext（）

splitext（）函数将文件路径拆分为具有两个值的元组：root和extension。

import os
# unpacking the tuple
file_name, file_extension = os.path.splitext("/Users/Username/abc.txt")
print(file_name)
print(file_extension)

使用Pathlib模块获取文件扩展名

获取文件扩展名的Pathlib模块

import pathlib
pathlib.Path("/Users/pankaj/abc.txt").suffix
#output:'.txt'