我有一系列20幅图(不是子图)要在一个图中绘制。我希望图例在框外。同时,我不想改变轴,因为图形的大小会变小。

我希望图例框位于绘图区域之外(我希望图例位于绘图区域的右侧)。有没有办法减小图例框内文本的字体大小,使图例框的大小变小?


当前回答

要将图例放置在绘图区域之外,请使用legend()的loc和bbox_To_anchor关键字。例如,以下代码将图例放置在绘图区域的右侧:

legend(loc="upper left", bbox_to_anchor=(1,1))

有关详细信息,请参阅图例指南

其他回答

简短回答:您可以使用bbox_to_anchor+bbox_extra_artists+bbox_inches='ight'。


更长的答案:您可以使用bbox_to_anchor手动指定图例框的位置,正如其他人在答案中指出的那样。

然而,常见的问题是图例框被裁剪,例如:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# data 
all_x = [10,20,30]
all_y = [[1,3], [1.5,2.9],[3,2]]

# Plot
fig = plt.figure(1)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(all_x, all_y)

# Add legend, title and axis labels
lgd = ax.legend( [ 'Lag ' + str(lag) for lag in all_x], loc='center right', bbox_to_anchor=(1.3, 0.5))
ax.set_title('Title')
ax.set_xlabel('x label')
ax.set_ylabel('y label')

fig.savefig('image_output.png', dpi=300, format='png')

为了防止图例框被裁剪,保存图形时,可以使用参数bbox_extra_artists和bbox_inches要求savefig在保存的图像中包含裁剪的元素:

图savefig('image_output.png',bbox_extra_artits=(lgd,),bbox_inches='ight')

示例(我只更改了最后一行,在图savefig()中添加了2个参数):

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# data 
all_x = [10,20,30]
all_y = [[1,3], [1.5,2.9],[3,2]]

# Plot
fig = plt.figure(1)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(all_x, all_y)

# Add legend, title and axis labels
lgd = ax.legend( [ 'Lag ' + str(lag) for lag in all_x], loc='center right', bbox_to_anchor=(1.3, 0.5))
ax.set_title('Title')
ax.set_xlabel('x label')
ax.set_ylabel('y label')    

fig.savefig('image_output.png', dpi=300, format='png', bbox_extra_artists=(lgd,), bbox_inches='tight')

我希望matplotlib能够像Matlab那样允许图例框的外部位置:

figure
x = 0:.2:12;
plot(x,besselj(1,x),x,besselj(2,x),x,besselj(3,x));
hleg = legend('First','Second','Third',...
              'Location','NorthEastOutside')
% Make the text of the legend italic and color it brown
set(hleg,'FontAngle','italic','TextColor',[.3,.2,.1])

这不完全是你所要求的,但我发现这是解决同样问题的一个替代方案。

使图例半透明,如下所示:

使用以下工具执行此操作:

fig = pylab.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(x, y, label=label, color=color)
# Make the legend transparent:
ax.legend(loc=2, fontsize=10, fancybox=True).get_frame().set_alpha(0.5)
# Make a transparent text box
ax.text(0.02, 0.02, yourstring, verticalalignment='bottom',
                    horizontalalignment='left',
                    fontsize=10,
                    bbox={'facecolor':'white', 'alpha':0.6, 'pad':10},
                    transform=self.ax.transAxes)

有很多方法可以做你想做的事。为了补充Christian Alis和Navi已经说过的内容,您可以使用bbox_To_anchor关键字参数将图例部分放在轴外和/或减小字体大小。

在考虑减小字体大小(这可能会使内容非常难以阅读)之前,请尝试将图例放在不同的位置:

因此,让我们从一个通用示例开始:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(10)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)

for i in xrange(5):
    ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$' % i)

ax.legend()

plt.show()

如果我们做同样的事情,但使用bbox_to_anchor关键字参数,我们可以将图例稍微移到轴边界之外:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(10)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)

for i in xrange(5):
    ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$' % i)

ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.1, 1.05))

plt.show()

类似地,使图例更水平和/或放在图的顶部(我还打开了圆角和简单的阴影):

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(10)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)

for i in xrange(5):
    line, = ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$'%i)

ax.legend(loc='upper center', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 1.05),
          ncol=3, fancybox=True, shadow=True)
plt.show()

或者,缩小当前绘图的宽度,并将图例完全放在图形的轴之外(注意:如果使用了tight_layout(),则省略ax.set_position():

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(10)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)

for i in xrange(5):
    ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$'%i)

# Shrink current axis by 20%
box = ax.get_position()
ax.set_position([box.x0, box.y0, box.width * 0.8, box.height])

# Put a legend to the right of the current axis
ax.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))

plt.show()

以类似的方式,垂直缩小绘图,并在底部放置一个水平图例:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(10)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)

for i in xrange(5):
    line, = ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$'%i)

# Shrink current axis's height by 10% on the bottom
box = ax.get_position()
ax.set_position([box.x0, box.y0 + box.height * 0.1,
                 box.width, box.height * 0.9])

# Put a legend below current axis
ax.legend(loc='upper center', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, -0.05),
          fancybox=True, shadow=True, ncol=5)

plt.show()

查看matplotlib图例指南。您还可以查看plt.figlegend()。

你也可以试试figlegend。可以创建独立于任何Axes对象的图例。但是,您可能需要创建一些“虚拟”路径,以确保正确传递对象的格式。

从Joe的代码开始,这个方法修改了窗口宽度,以自动适应图右侧的图例。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.ion()

x = np.arange(10)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)

for i in xrange(5):
    ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$'%i)

# Put a legend to the right of the current axis
leg = ax.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))

plt.draw()

# Get the ax dimensions.
box = ax.get_position()
xlocs = (box.x0,box.x1)
ylocs = (box.y0,box.y1)

# Get the figure size in inches and the dpi.
w, h = fig.get_size_inches()
dpi = fig.get_dpi()

# Get the legend size, calculate new window width and change the figure size.
legWidth = leg.get_window_extent().width
winWidthNew = w*dpi+legWidth
fig.set_size_inches(winWidthNew/dpi,h)

# Adjust the window size to fit the figure.
mgr = plt.get_current_fig_manager()
mgr.window.wm_geometry("%ix%i"%(winWidthNew,mgr.window.winfo_height()))

# Rescale the ax to keep its original size.
factor = w*dpi/winWidthNew
x0 = xlocs[0]*factor
x1 = xlocs[1]*factor
width = box.width*factor
ax.set_position([x0,ylocs[0],x1-x0,ylocs[1]-ylocs[0]])

plt.draw()