这是一种二进制数据的文本编码，其结果文本除了字母、数字和符号“+”、“/”和“=”之外什么都没有。这是一种在专门用于文本数据的媒体上存储/传输二进制数据的方便方法。

但为什么是Base-64?将二进制数据转换为文本的两种替代方法是:

Decimal:将每个字节的十进制值存储为三个数字:045 112 101 037等，其中每个字节由3个字节表示。数据膨胀了三倍。 十六进制:将字节存储为十六进制对:AC 47 0D 1A等，其中每个字节由2个字节表示。数据膨胀了两倍。

Base-64在4个字符中映射3个字节(8 x 3 = 24位)，该字符横跨6位(6 x 4 = 24位)。结果看起来像“TWFuIGlzIGRpc3Rpb…”。因此膨胀仅仅是原来的4/3 = 1.3333333倍。

大多数情况下，我看到它被用于在只能处理ascii或简单字符集的上下文中对二进制数据进行编码。

当我们通过web服务传输大型二进制对象(图像)时，我在实际意义上使用它。因此，当我使用python脚本测试c# web服务时，可以使用一点魔法重新创建二进制对象。

(在python中)

import base64
imageAsBytes = base64.b64decode( dataFromWS )

从http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64

The term Base64 refers to a specific MIME content transfer encoding. It is also used as a generic term for any similar encoding scheme that encodes binary data by treating it numerically and translating it into a base 64 representation. The particular choice of base is due to the history of character set encoding: one can choose a set of 64 characters that is both part of the subset common to most encodings, and also printable. This combination leaves the data unlikely to be modified in transit through systems, such as email, which were traditionally not 8-bit clean. Base64 can be used in a variety of contexts: Evolution and Thunderbird use Base64 to obfuscate e-mail passwords[1] Base64 can be used to transmit and store text that might otherwise cause delimiter collision Base64 is often used as a quick but insecure shortcut to obscure secrets without incurring the overhead of cryptographic key management Spammers use Base64 to evade basic anti-spamming tools, which often do not decode Base64 and therefore cannot detect keywords in encoded messages. Base64 is used to encode character strings in LDIF files Base64 is sometimes used to embed binary data in an XML file, using a syntax similar to ...... e.g. Firefox's bookmarks.html. Base64 is also used when communicating with government Fiscal Signature printing devices (usually, over serial or parallel ports) to minimize the delay when transferring receipt characters for signing. Base64 is used to encode binary files such as images within scripts, to avoid depending on external files. Can be used to embed raw image data into a CSS property such as background-image.

它用于将任意二进制数据转换为ASCII文本。

例如，电子邮件附件就是通过这种方式发送的。

base64是一个二进制到文本的编码方案，以ASCII字符串格式表示二进制数据。Base64被设计用来跨通道传输二进制格式的数据。它接受任何形式的数据并将其转换为纯文本的长字符串。以前我们不能传输大量的数据，如文件，因为它是由2⁸比特字节组成的，但我们的实际网络使用2⁷比特字节。这就是base64编码出现的原因。但是base64到底是什么意思呢?

让我们来理解base64的含义。

base64 = base+64

我们可以调用base64作为基数64的表示。Base64仅使用6位(2 = 64个字符)来确保可打印的数据是人类可读的。但是,如何?我们也可以写base65或base78，但为什么只写64呢?让我们证明一下。 Base64编码包含64个字符来编码任何字符串。 base64包含:

10数值即，0,1,2,3，.....9。

26大写字母，即A,B,C,D，.......Z。

26个小写字母，即a,b,c,d，........z。

两个特殊字符，即+，/。取决于你的操作系统。

base64算法遵循的步骤如下:

count the number of characters in a String. If it is not multiple of 3 pad with special character i.e., = to make it multiple of 3. Encode the string in ASCII format. Now, it will convert the ASCII to binary format 8-bit each. After converting to binary format, it will divide binary data into chunks of 6-bits each. The chunks of 6-bit binary data will now be converted to decimal number format. Using the base64 Index Table, the decimals will be again converted to a string according to the table format. Finally, we will get the encoded version of our input string.