我经常听到人们谈论“64进制编码”。它的用途是什么?


当前回答

base64是一个二进制到文本的编码方案,以ASCII字符串格式表示二进制数据。Base64被设计用来跨通道传输二进制格式的数据。它接受任何形式的数据并将其转换为纯文本的长字符串。以前我们不能传输大量的数据,如文件,因为它是由2⁸比特字节组成的,但我们的实际网络使用2⁷比特字节。这就是base64编码出现的原因。但是base64到底是什么意思呢?

让我们来理解base64的含义。

base64 = base+64

我们可以调用base64作为基数64的表示。Base64仅使用6位(2 = 64个字符)来确保可打印的数据是人类可读的。但是,如何?我们也可以写base65或base78,但为什么只写64呢?让我们证明一下。 Base64编码包含64个字符来编码任何字符串。 base64包含:

10数值即,0,1,2,3,.....9。

26大写字母,即A,B,C,D,.......Z。

26个小写字母,即a,b,c,d,........z。

两个特殊字符,即+,/。取决于你的操作系统。

base64算法遵循的步骤如下:

count the number of characters in a String. If it is not multiple of 3 pad with special character i.e., = to make it multiple of 3. Encode the string in ASCII format. Now, it will convert the ASCII to binary format 8-bit each. After converting to binary format, it will divide binary data into chunks of 6-bits each. The chunks of 6-bit binary data will now be converted to decimal number format. Using the base64 Index Table, the decimals will be again converted to a string according to the table format. Finally, we will get the encoded version of our input string.

其他回答

它基本上是一种用ASCII文本编码任意二进制数据的方法。每3个字节的数据需要4个字符,最后可能还会有一些填充。

基本上,输入的每6位都用64个字符的字母表进行编码。“标准”字母表使用a-z, a-z, 0-9和+和/,用=作为填充字符。有url安全的变体。

维基百科是一个相当好的信息来源。

base64是一个二进制到文本的编码方案,以ASCII字符串格式表示二进制数据。Base64被设计用来跨通道传输二进制格式的数据。它接受任何形式的数据并将其转换为纯文本的长字符串。以前我们不能传输大量的数据,如文件,因为它是由2⁸比特字节组成的,但我们的实际网络使用2⁷比特字节。这就是base64编码出现的原因。但是base64到底是什么意思呢?

让我们来理解base64的含义。

base64 = base+64

我们可以调用base64作为基数64的表示。Base64仅使用6位(2 = 64个字符)来确保可打印的数据是人类可读的。但是,如何?我们也可以写base65或base78,但为什么只写64呢?让我们证明一下。 Base64编码包含64个字符来编码任何字符串。 base64包含:

10数值即,0,1,2,3,.....9。

26大写字母,即A,B,C,D,.......Z。

26个小写字母,即a,b,c,d,........z。

两个特殊字符,即+,/。取决于你的操作系统。

base64算法遵循的步骤如下:

count the number of characters in a String. If it is not multiple of 3 pad with special character i.e., = to make it multiple of 3. Encode the string in ASCII format. Now, it will convert the ASCII to binary format 8-bit each. After converting to binary format, it will divide binary data into chunks of 6-bits each. The chunks of 6-bit binary data will now be converted to decimal number format. Using the base64 Index Table, the decimals will be again converted to a string according to the table format. Finally, we will get the encoded version of our input string.

从http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64

The term Base64 refers to a specific MIME content transfer encoding. It is also used as a generic term for any similar encoding scheme that encodes binary data by treating it numerically and translating it into a base 64 representation. The particular choice of base is due to the history of character set encoding: one can choose a set of 64 characters that is both part of the subset common to most encodings, and also printable. This combination leaves the data unlikely to be modified in transit through systems, such as email, which were traditionally not 8-bit clean. Base64 can be used in a variety of contexts: Evolution and Thunderbird use Base64 to obfuscate e-mail passwords[1] Base64 can be used to transmit and store text that might otherwise cause delimiter collision Base64 is often used as a quick but insecure shortcut to obscure secrets without incurring the overhead of cryptographic key management Spammers use Base64 to evade basic anti-spamming tools, which often do not decode Base64 and therefore cannot detect keywords in encoded messages. Base64 is used to encode character strings in LDIF files Base64 is sometimes used to embed binary data in an XML file, using a syntax similar to ...... e.g. Firefox's bookmarks.html. Base64 is also used when communicating with government Fiscal Signature printing devices (usually, over serial or parallel ports) to minimize the delay when transferring receipt characters for signing. Base64 is used to encode binary files such as images within scripts, to avoid depending on external files. Can be used to embed raw image data into a CSS property such as background-image.

当我们通过web服务传输大型二进制对象(图像)时,我在实际意义上使用它。因此,当我使用python脚本测试c# web服务时,可以使用一点魔法重新创建二进制对象。

(在python中)

import base64
imageAsBytes = base64.b64decode( dataFromWS )

除了已经说过的,还有两种没有列出的非常常见的用法是

散列:

哈希是将一个字节块转换为另一个固定大小的字节块的单向函数,例如128bit或256bit (SHA/MD5)。将结果字节转换为Base64可以更容易地显示散列,特别是在比较完整性的校验和时。在Base64中经常看到哈希值,以至于许多人将Base64本身误认为是哈希值。

密码:

由于加密密钥不一定是文本,而是原始字节,因此有时需要将其存储在文件或数据库中,这在Base64中很方便。结果加密字节也是如此。

注意,尽管Base64经常用于密码学中,但它并不是一种安全机制。任何人都可以将Base64字符串转换回其原始字节,因此不应将其用作保护数据的手段,而应将其用作更容易显示或存储原始字节的格式。

证书

PEM格式的x509证书是base64编码的。http://how2ssl.com/articles/working_with_pem_files/