使用Pathlib库的路径。用Rename代替os.rename:

import pathlib

original_path = pathlib.Path('a.txt')
new_path = original_path.rename('b.kml')

从Python 3.3及更高版本开始，通常首选使用os。Replace而不是os。如果目标文件已经存在，则不会引发FileExistsError。

assert os.path.isfile('old.txt')
assert os.path.isfile('new.txt')

os.rename('old.txt', 'new.txt')
# Raises FileExistsError
os.replace('old.txt', 'new.txt')
# Does not raise exception

assert not os.path.isfile('old.txt')
assert os.path.isfile('new.txt')

请参见文档。

import shutil
import os

files = os.listdir("./pics/") 

for key in range(0, len(files)):
   print files[key]
   shutil.move("./pics/" + files[key],"./pics/img" + str(key) + ".jpeg")

这个应该可以了。python 3 +

文件可能在目录中，在这种情况下指定路径:

import os
old_file = os.path.join("directory", "a.txt")
new_file = os.path.join("directory", "b.kml")
os.rename(old_file, new_file)

import os

# Set the path
path = 'a\\b\\c'  
# save current working directory
saved_cwd = os.getcwd()
# change your cwd to the directory which contains files
os.chdir(path)
os.rename('a.txt', 'b.klm')
# moving back to the directory you were in 
os.chdir(saved_cwd)

如何修改目录中文件名的首字母。

import os
path = "/"

for file in os.listdir(path):
    os.rename(path + file, path + file.lower().capitalize())

then = os.listdir(path)
print(then)