文件可能在目录中，在这种情况下指定路径:

import os
old_file = os.path.join("directory", "a.txt")
new_file = os.path.join("directory", "b.kml")
os.rename(old_file, new_file)

import shutil

shutil.move('a.txt', 'b.kml')

这将用于重命名或移动文件。

如果你正在使用Windows，你想重命名文件夹中的1000s文件，然后: 您可以使用下面的代码。(Python3)

import os

path = os.chdir(input("Enter the path of the Your Image Folder :  ")) #Here put the path of your folder where your images are stored

image_name = input("Enter your Image name : ") #Here, enter the name you want your images to have

i = 0

for file in os.listdir(path):

    new_file_name = image_name+"_" + str(i) + ".jpg" #here you can change the extention of your renmamed file.
    os.rename(file,new_file_name)

    i = i + 1

input("Renamed all Images!!")

使用Pathlib库的路径。用Rename代替os.rename:

import pathlib

original_path = pathlib.Path('a.txt')
new_path = original_path.rename('b.kml')

使用os.rename:

import os

os.rename('a.txt', 'b.kml')

用法:

os.rename('from.extension.whatever','to.another.extension')

操作系统。重命名(旧的,新的)

这可以在Python文档中找到:http://docs.python.org/library/os.html