@Jason-V，真的很有帮助，谢谢。然后，我找到了这个例子，并组成了自己的片段。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os, readline, atexit
python_history = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.python_history')
try:
  readline.read_history_file(python_history)
  readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
  readline.set_history_length(5000)
  atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, python_history)
except IOError:
  pass
del os, python_history, readline, atexit 

使用readline.get_current_history_length()获取长度，并使用readline.get_history_item()查看每个长度。

因为上面只适用于python 2.x 对于python 3。X(特别是3.5)类似，但略有修改:

import readline
for i in range(readline.get_current_history_length()):
    print (readline.get_history_item(i + 1))

注意额外的()

(使用shell脚本解析.python_history或使用python修改上面的代码是个人喜好和情况的问题)

重新讨论一下Doogle的答案，它不打印行数，但允许指定要打印的行数。

def history(lastn=None):
    """
    param: lastn Defaults to None i.e full history. If specified then returns lastn records from history.
           Also takes -ve sequence for first n history records.
    """
    import readline
    assert lastn is None or isinstance(lastn, int), "Only integers are allowed."
    hlen = readline.get_current_history_length()
    is_neg = lastn is not None and lastn < 0
    if not is_neg:
        for r in range(1,hlen+1) if not lastn else range(1, hlen+1)[-lastn:]:
            print(readline.get_history_item(r))
    else:
        for r in range(1, -lastn + 1):
            print(readline.get_history_item(r))

一个类似于unix/bash版本的简单函数来获取历史记录。

希望它能帮助到一些新人。

def ipyhistory(lastn=None):
    """
    param: lastn Defaults to None i.e full history. If specified then returns lastn records from history.
           Also takes -ve sequence for first n history records.
    """
    import readline
    assert lastn is None or isinstance(lastn, int), "Only integers are allowed."
    hlen = readline.get_current_history_length()
    is_neg = lastn is not None and lastn < 0
    if not is_neg:
        flen = len(str(hlen)) if not lastn else len(str(lastn))
        for r in range(1,hlen+1) if not lastn else range(1, hlen+1)[-lastn:]:
            print(": ".join([str(r if not lastn else r + lastn - hlen ).rjust(flen), readline.get_history_item(r)]))
    else:
        flen = len(str(-hlen))
        for r in range(1, -lastn + 1):
            print(": ".join([str(r).rjust(flen), readline.get_history_item(r)]))

代码段:用Python3测试。如果python2有任何故障，请告诉我。 样品:

完整历史:ipyhistory()

最近10个历史记录:ipyhistory(10)

历史:ipyhistory(-10)

希望它能帮助伙计们。

@Jason-V，真的很有帮助，谢谢。然后，我找到了这个例子，并组成了自己的片段。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os, readline, atexit
python_history = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.python_history')
try:
  readline.read_history_file(python_history)
  readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
  readline.set_history_length(5000)
  atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, python_history)
except IOError:
  pass
del os, python_history, readline, atexit