如果你想把历史记录写入一个文件:

import readline
readline.write_history_file('python_history.txt')

help函数给出:

Help on built-in function write_history_file in module readline:

write_history_file(...)
    write_history_file([filename]) -> None
    Save a readline history file.
    The default filename is ~/.history.

打印整个历史的代码:

Python 3

一行代码(快速复制和粘贴):

import readline; print('\n'.join([str(readline.get_history_item(i + 1)) for i in range(readline.get_current_history_length())]))

(或者更长的版本…)

import readline
for i in range(readline.get_current_history_length()):
    print (readline.get_history_item(i + 1))

Python 2

一行代码(快速复制和粘贴):

import readline; print '\n'.join([str(readline.get_history_item(i + 1)) for i in range(readline.get_current_history_length())])

(或者更长的版本…)

import readline
for i in range(readline.get_current_history_length()):
    print readline.get_history_item(i + 1)

注意:get_history_item()的索引从1到n。

使用readline.get_current_history_length()获取长度，并使用readline.get_history_item()查看每个长度。

@Jason-V，真的很有帮助，谢谢。然后，我找到了这个例子，并组成了自己的片段。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os, readline, atexit
python_history = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.python_history')
try:
  readline.read_history_file(python_history)
  readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
  readline.set_history_length(5000)
  atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, python_history)
except IOError:
  pass
del os, python_history, readline, atexit 

因为上面只适用于python 2.x 对于python 3。X(特别是3.5)类似，但略有修改:

import readline
for i in range(readline.get_current_history_length()):
    print (readline.get_history_item(i + 1))

注意额外的()

(使用shell脚本解析.python_history或使用python修改上面的代码是个人喜好和情况的问题)

重新讨论一下Doogle的答案，它不打印行数，但允许指定要打印的行数。

def history(lastn=None):
    """
    param: lastn Defaults to None i.e full history. If specified then returns lastn records from history.
           Also takes -ve sequence for first n history records.
    """
    import readline
    assert lastn is None or isinstance(lastn, int), "Only integers are allowed."
    hlen = readline.get_current_history_length()
    is_neg = lastn is not None and lastn < 0
    if not is_neg:
        for r in range(1,hlen+1) if not lastn else range(1, hlen+1)[-lastn:]:
            print(readline.get_history_item(r))
    else:
        for r in range(1, -lastn + 1):
            print(readline.get_history_item(r))