使用Array.prototype.filter和Array.prototype.includes的组合:

const filteredArray = array1.filter(value => array2.includes(value));

对于较旧的浏览器，使用Array.prototype.indexOf且不使用箭头函数:

var filteredArray = array1.filter(function(n) {
    return array2.indexOf(n) !== -1;
});

NB !.includes和. indexof都在内部使用===来比较数组中的元素，所以如果数组包含对象，它只比较对象引用(而不是对象的内容)。如果你想指定自己的比较逻辑，请使用Array.prototype.some。

与效率无关，但很容易理解，这里有一个集合的并和交的例子，它处理集合的数组和集合的集合。

http://jsfiddle.net/zhulien/NF68T/

// process array [element, element...], if allow abort ignore the result
function processArray(arr_a, cb_a, blnAllowAbort_a)
{
    var arrResult = [];
    var blnAborted = false;
    var intI = 0;

    while ((intI < arr_a.length) && (blnAborted === false))
    {
        if (blnAllowAbort_a)
        {
            blnAborted = cb_a(arr_a[intI]);
        }
        else
        {
            arrResult[intI] = cb_a(arr_a[intI]);
        }
        intI++;
    }

    return arrResult;
}

// process array of operations [operation,arguments...]
function processOperations(arrOperations_a)
{
    var arrResult = [];
    var fnOperationE;

    for(var intI = 0, intR = 0; intI < arrOperations_a.length; intI+=2, intR++) 
    {
        var fnOperation = arrOperations_a[intI+0];
        var fnArgs = arrOperations_a[intI+1];
        if (fnArgs === undefined)
        {
            arrResult[intR] = fnOperation();
        }
        else
        {
            arrResult[intR] = fnOperation(fnArgs);
        }
    }

    return arrResult;
}

// return whether an element exists in an array
function find(arr_a, varElement_a)
{
    var blnResult = false;

    processArray(arr_a, function(varToMatch_a)
    {
        var blnAbort = false;

        if (varToMatch_a === varElement_a)
        {
            blnResult = true;
            blnAbort = true;
        }

        return blnAbort;
    }, true);

    return blnResult;
}

// return the union of all sets
function union(arr_a)
{
    var arrResult = [];
    var intI = 0;

    processArray(arr_a, function(arrSet_a)
    {
        processArray(arrSet_a, function(varElement_a)
        {
            // if the element doesn't exist in our result
            if (find(arrResult, varElement_a) === false)
            {
                // add it
                arrResult[intI] = varElement_a;
                intI++;
            }
        });
    });

    return arrResult;
}

// return the intersection of all sets
function intersection(arr_a)
{
    var arrResult = [];
    var intI = 0;

    // for each set
    processArray(arr_a, function(arrSet_a)
    {
        // every number is a candidate
        processArray(arrSet_a, function(varCandidate_a)
        {
            var blnCandidate = true;

            // for each set
            processArray(arr_a, function(arrSet_a)
            {
                // check that the candidate exists
                var blnFoundPart = find(arrSet_a, varCandidate_a);

                // if the candidate does not exist
                if (blnFoundPart === false)
                {
                    // no longer a candidate
                    blnCandidate = false;
                }
            });

            if (blnCandidate)
            {
                // if the candidate doesn't exist in our result
                if (find(arrResult, varCandidate_a) === false)
                {
                    // add it
                    arrResult[intI] = varCandidate_a;
                    intI++;
                }
            }
        });
    });

    return arrResult;
}

var strOutput = ''

var arrSet1 = [1,2,3];
var arrSet2 = [2,5,6];
var arrSet3 = [7,8,9,2];

// return the union of the sets
strOutput = union([arrSet1, arrSet2, arrSet3]);
alert(strOutput);

// return the intersection of 3 sets
strOutput = intersection([arrSet1, arrSet2, arrSet3]);
alert(strOutput);

// of 3 sets of sets, which set is the intersecting set
strOutput = processOperations([intersection,[[arrSet1, arrSet2], [arrSet2], [arrSet2, arrSet3]]]);
alert(strOutput);

如果您的环境支持ECMAScript 6 Set，一个简单而有效的方法(参见规范链接):

function intersect(a, b) {
  var setA = new Set(a);
  var setB = new Set(b);
  var intersection = new Set([...setA].filter(x => setB.has(x)));
  return Array.from(intersection);
}

更短，但可读性更差(也没有创建额外的交集集):

function intersect(a, b) {
  var setB = new Set(b);
  return [...new Set(a)].filter(x => setB.has(x));
}

注意，当使用Set时，你只会得到不同的值，因此new Set([1,2,3,3])。Size的值为3。

希望这有助于所有版本。

function diffArray(arr1, arr2) {
  var newArr = [];

  var large = arr1.length>=arr2.length?arr1:arr2;
  var small = JSON.stringify(large) == JSON.stringify(arr1)?arr2:arr1;
  for(var i=0;i<large.length;i++){
    var copyExists = false; 
    for(var j =0;j<small.length;j++){
      if(large[i]==small[j]){
        copyExists= true;
        break;
      }
    }
    if(!copyExists)
      {
        newArr.push(large[i]);
      }
  }

  for(var i=0;i<small.length;i++){
    var copyExists = false; 
    for(var j =0;j<large.length;j++){
      if(large[j]==small[i]){
        copyExists= true;
        break;
      }
    }
    if(!copyExists)
      {
        newArr.push(small[i]);
      }
  }


  return newArr;
}

该函数利用字典的强大功能，避免了N^2问题。每个数组只循环一次，第三次更短的循环返回最终结果。 它还支持数字、字符串和对象。

function array_intersect(array1, array2) 
{
    var mergedElems = {},
        result = [];

    // Returns a unique reference string for the type and value of the element
    function generateStrKey(elem) {
        var typeOfElem = typeof elem;
        if (typeOfElem === 'object') {
            typeOfElem += Object.prototype.toString.call(elem);
        }
        return [typeOfElem, elem.toString(), JSON.stringify(elem)].join('__');
    }

    array1.forEach(function(elem) {
        var key = generateStrKey(elem);
        if (!(key in mergedElems)) {
            mergedElems[key] = {elem: elem, inArray2: false};
        }
    });

    array2.forEach(function(elem) {
        var key = generateStrKey(elem);
        if (key in mergedElems) {
            mergedElems[key].inArray2 = true;
        }
    });

    Object.values(mergedElems).forEach(function(elem) {
        if (elem.inArray2) {
            result.push(elem.elem);
        }
    });

    return result;
}

如果有无法解决的特殊情况，仅通过修改generateStrKey函数就可以解决。这个函数的诀窍在于，它根据类型和值唯一地表示每个不同的数据。

这个变体有一些性能改进。在任何数组为空的情况下避免循环。它还首先遍历较短的数组，因此如果它在第二个数组中找到了第一个数组的所有值，则退出循环。

function array_intersect(array1, array2) 
{
    var mergedElems = {},
        result = [],
        firstArray, secondArray,
        firstN = 0, 
        secondN = 0;

    function generateStrKey(elem) {
        var typeOfElem = typeof elem;
        if (typeOfElem === 'object') {
            typeOfElem += Object.prototype.toString.call(elem);
        }
        return [typeOfElem, elem.toString(), JSON.stringify(elem)].join('__');
    }

    // Executes the loops only if both arrays have values
    if (array1.length && array2.length) 
    {
        // Begins with the shortest array to optimize the algorithm
        if (array1.length < array2.length) {
            firstArray = array1;
            secondArray = array2;
        } else {
            firstArray = array2;
            secondArray = array1;            
        }

        firstArray.forEach(function(elem) {
            var key = generateStrKey(elem);
            if (!(key in mergedElems)) {
                mergedElems[key] = {elem: elem, inArray2: false};
                // Increases the counter of unique values in the first array
                firstN++;
            }
        });

        secondArray.some(function(elem) {
            var key = generateStrKey(elem);
            if (key in mergedElems) {
                if (!mergedElems[key].inArray2) {
                    mergedElems[key].inArray2 = true;
                    // Increases the counter of matches
                    secondN++;
                    // If all elements of first array have coincidence, then exits the loop
                    return (secondN === firstN);
                }
            }
        });

        Object.values(mergedElems).forEach(function(elem) {
            if (elem.inArray2) {
                result.push(elem.elem);
            }
        });
    }

    return result;
}

我认为在内部使用一个对象可以帮助计算，也可以提高性能。

//方法维护每个元素的计数，也适用于负元素

function intersect(a,b){
    
    const A = {};
    a.forEach((v)=>{A[v] ? ++A[v] : A[v] = 1});
    const B = {};
    b.forEach((v)=>{B[v] ? ++B[v] : B[v] = 1});
    const C = {};
    Object.entries(A).map((x)=>C[x[0]] = Math.min(x[1],B[x[0]]))
    return Object.entries(C).map((x)=>Array(x[1]).fill(Number(x[0]))).flat();
}
const x = [1,1,-1,-1,0,0,2,2];
const y = [2,0,1,1,1,1,0,-1,-1,-1];
const result = intersect(x,y);
console.log(result);  // (7) [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, -1, -1]