我将代码重构为承诺,并构建了一个奇妙的长而平坦的承诺链,由多个.then()回调组成。最后我想返回一些复合值,并需要访问多个中间承诺结果。然而,从序列中间的分辨率值不在最后回调的范围内,我如何访问它们?

function getExample() {
    return promiseA(…).then(function(resultA) {
        // Some processing
        return promiseB(…);
    }).then(function(resultB) {
        // More processing
        return // How do I gain access to resultA here?
    });
}

当前回答

同步检查

将稍后需要的承诺值分配给变量,然后通过同步检查获得它们的值。这个例子使用了bluebird的.value()方法,但是很多库都提供了类似的方法。

function getExample() {
    var a = promiseA(…);

    return a.then(function() {
        // some processing
        return promiseB(…);
    }).then(function(resultB) {
        // a is guaranteed to be fulfilled here so we can just retrieve its
        // value synchronously
        var aValue = a.value();
    });
}

这可以用于任意多的值:

function getExample() {
    var a = promiseA(…);

    var b = a.then(function() {
        return promiseB(…)
    });

    var c = b.then(function() {
        return promiseC(…);
    });

    var d = c.then(function() {
        return promiseD(…);
    });

    return d.then(function() {
        return a.value() + b.value() + c.value() + d.value();
    });
}

其他回答

function getExample() {
    var retA, retB;
    return promiseA(…).then(function(resultA) {
        retA = resultA;
        // Some processing
        return promiseB(…);
    }).then(function(resultB) {
        // More processing
        //retA is value of promiseA
        return // How do I gain access to resultA here?
    });
}

简单的方法:D

显式直通

类似于嵌套回调,此技术依赖于闭包。然而,链保持不变——不是只传递最新的结果,而是为每一步传递某个状态对象。这些状态对象累积先前操作的结果,传递稍后将再次需要的所有值加上当前任务的结果。

function getExample() {
    return promiseA(…).then(function(resultA) {
        // some processing
        return promiseB(…).then(b => [resultA, b]); // function(b) { return [resultA, b] }
    }).then(function([resultA, resultB]) {
        // more processing
        return // something using both resultA and resultB
    });
}

这里,小箭头b => [resultA, b]是在resultA上关闭的函数,并将两个结果的数组传递给下一步。它使用参数解构语法将其再次分解为单个变量。

在ES6提供解构之前,许多承诺库(Q, Bluebird, when,…)提供了一个漂亮的助手方法,名为.spread()。它接受一个带有多个参数的函数——每个数组元素一个参数——作为.spread(function(resultA, resultB) {....

当然,这里需要的闭包可以通过一些辅助函数进一步简化,例如。

function addTo(x) {
    // imagine complex `arguments` fiddling or anything that helps usability
    // but you get the idea with this simple one:
    return res => [x, res];
}

…
return promiseB(…).then(addTo(resultA));

或者,您可以使用Promise。所有这些都是为了产生数组的承诺:

function getExample() {
    return promiseA(…).then(function(resultA) {
        // some processing
        return Promise.all([resultA, promiseB(…)]); // resultA will implicitly be wrapped
                                                    // as if passed to Promise.resolve()
    }).then(function([resultA, resultB]) {
        // more processing
        return // something using both resultA and resultB
    });
}

你不仅可以使用数组,还可以使用任意复杂的对象。例如,用_。扩展或对象。在不同的helper函数中赋值:

function augment(obj, name) {
    return function (res) { var r = Object.assign({}, obj); r[name] = res; return r; };
}

function getExample() {
    return promiseA(…).then(function(resultA) {
        // some processing
        return promiseB(…).then(augment({resultA}, "resultB"));
    }).then(function(obj) {
        // more processing
        return // something using both obj.resultA and obj.resultB
    });
}

While this pattern guarantees a flat chain and explicit state objects can improve clarity, it will become tedious for a long chain. Especially when you need the state only sporadically, you still have to pass it through every step. With this fixed interface, the single callbacks in the chain are rather tightly coupled and inflexible to change. It makes factoring out single steps harder, and callbacks cannot be supplied directly from other modules - they always need to be wrapped in boilerplate code that cares about the state. Abstract helper functions like the above can ease the pain a bit, but it will always be present.

这几天,我也遇到了一些像你一样的问题。最后,我用这个问题找到了一个很好的解决方案,它简单易懂。我希望这能帮助到你。

根据how-to-chain-javascript-promises

好的,让我们看看代码:

const firstPromise = () => {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
            console.log('first promise is completed');
            resolve({data: '123'});
        }, 2000);
    });
};

const secondPromise = (someStuff) => {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
            console.log('second promise is completed');
            resolve({newData: `${someStuff.data} some more data`});
        }, 2000);
    });
};

const thirdPromise = (someStuff) => {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
            console.log('third promise is completed');
            resolve({result: someStuff});
        }, 2000);
    });
};

firstPromise()
    .then(secondPromise)
    .then(thirdPromise)
    .then(data => {
        console.log(data);
    });

当使用bluebird时,你可以使用.bind方法来共享承诺链中的变量:

somethingAsync().bind({})
.spread(function (aValue, bValue) {
    this.aValue = aValue;
    this.bValue = bValue;
    return somethingElseAsync(aValue, bValue);
})
.then(function (cValue) {
    return this.aValue + this.bValue + cValue;
});

请点击此链接了解更多信息:

http://bluebirdjs.com/docs/api/promise.bind.html

我不打算在我自己的代码中使用这种模式,因为我不太喜欢使用全局变量。然而,在紧要关头它还是有用的。

用户是一个承诺的猫鼬模型。

var globalVar = '';

User.findAsync({}).then(function(users){
  globalVar = users;
}).then(function(){
  console.log(globalVar);
});